ALLELOPATHIC EFFECT OF TEPHROSIA PURPUREA ON PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUS L.

pp. 18-22

Ms. Pallavi Bhatnagar

Research Scholar, S.P.C. Govt. College, Ajmer (Raj.), India Email id- bhatnagarpallavi15@gmail.com

ABSTRACT

One of the main threats to biodiversity in the world is the destruction of habitats by natural and human interference. Natural and semi natural destruction is mainly caused by invasion of alien organisms which has been recognized as one of the serious and inestimable problem because existing aliens do not disappear and sometimes continue to spread. So, they are called as pervasive threat and it is important driver of global change. Parthenium hysterophorus L. is found to be the second most densely populated deadly and aggressive weed with allelopathic properties. This research study have been reported with common naturally occurring weeds as controlling agents for Parthenium hysterophorus, because use of some other allelopathic weeds and plants to suppress the weed infestation is the most cost effective and environment friendly method for weed control. The current study was conducted to test the inhibitory potential of aqueous extracts of root, stem and leaves of weed species Tephrosia purpurea on seed germination and seedling growth of Parthenium hysterophorus L. under laboratory conditions. The leaves are most effective part of plant. The radicle was more inhibited than the plumule in petri dishes. Inhibitory effect increases with increasing aqueous extract concentration. Therefore, further investigations will be required under green house and field conditions for pragmatic recommendation of species selection in the frame of weed species mediated ecological management of Parthenium hysterophorus L.

 Introduction

One of the main threats to biodiversity in the world is the destruction of habitats by natural and human interference. Natural and semi natural destruction is mainly caused by invasion of alien organisms which has been recognized as one of the serious and inestimable problem because existing aliens do not disappear and sometimes continue to spread. So, they are called as pervasive threat and it is important driver of global environment change. Invasive species are the growing problem for the world both ecologically and economically. In the recent years, creating competition between native and alien species has gain momentum. Numerous plants are reported to possess allelopathic potential and effort has been made to use them in weed control. Natural products release from allelopathic plants may help to reduce the use of synthetic herbicides for weed management. Parthenium hysterophorus L. is found to be the second most densely populated deadly and aggressive weed, which is attributed to its allelopathic properties. The present study is the observation that Parthenium hysterophorus L. plants are very scanty from fields infested with some other allelopathic weeds and utilizing allelopathic plants to suppress the weed infestation is the most cost effective and environment friendly method of weed control.

Tephrosia purpurea, commonly known as Sarpunkha, belongs to family Fabaceae. It is common wasteland weed which is native to Indian sub continent and China and is found throughout India and Sri Lanka. In this plant, flowering and fruiting occur in October to December. It has allelopathic properties, so spread vigorously and covers large area. Therefore, an allelopathic approach has been tried under this investigation for controlling Parthenium hysterophorus L. Because, use of some other allelopathic weeds and plants to suppress the weed infestation is the most cost effective and environment friendly method for weed control.

Material and Methodology

Aqueous extracts of leaves, stem and root of Tephrosia pupurea were obtained by soaking 25 g fresh plant material in 100 ml water for 3 days, 5 days, 7 days, 9 days and 11 days at room temperature. Extract were filtered and stored in refrigerator. Seeds of Parthenium hysterophorus L. were sown on twice folded filter paper seed beds in sterilized petri dishes. Filter papers were moistened with aqueous extracts of root, stem and leaves of different concentrations while control received in water. There were 15  seeds  in  each  plate.  Petri  plates  were incubated for 3DAS, 5DAS, 7DAS, 9DAS, 11DAS,   13DAS,   15DAS,   17DAS   and 19DAS. At each above mentioned time, number of seed germinated and their root and shoot length was recorded.

Observation:

Tephrosia purpurea (Root Extract)

TABLE 1: Number of seed germinated

Extract  

3DE

  

5DE

  

7DE

  

9DE

  

11DE

Day after sowing
3DAS nil 1 8 nil nil
5DAS nil 1 8 nil nil
7DAS 7 4 8 nil 1
9DAS 7 4(d) 8(d) nil 1
11DAS 7 9(4d) 8(d) nil 2
13DAS 7(d) 9(4d) 9(d) nil 2
15DAS 7(d) 9(4d) 9(d) nil 2(rd)
17DAS 7(d) 9(d) 9(d) nil 2(1d+1e)
19DAS 7(d) 9(d) 9(d) nil 2(d)

TABLE 2: Seedling growth (Length of Root and Shoot)

Extracts  

3DE

  

 

5DE

  

7DE

 9DE 11DE
Day After showing RL    SL RL    SL RL    SL RL    SL RL    SL
3DAS nil nil 0.8 nil 2.312 1.487 nil nil nil      nil
5DAS nil nil 1.5 0.8 2.225 1.490 nil nil nil nil
7DAS 1.91 0.9 1.45 0.675 2.186 1.378 nil nil 2.5 1.2
9DAS 2.08 1.0 1.45 1.5 2.186 1.362 nil nil 2.42 1.45
11DAS 2.15 1.0 1.366 1.044 2.137 1.362 nil nil 2.34 1.67
13DAS dry dry 1.522 1.433 dry dry nil nil 2.25 1.8
15DAS dry dry 1.522 1.433 dry dry nil nil 2.25 1.9
17DAS dry dry 1.477 1.522 dry dry nil nil 2.35 1.9
19DAS dry dry Dry dry dry dry nil nil 2.35 1.8

Tephrosia purpurea (Stem Extract) TABLE 1: Number of seed germinated

TABLE 2: Seedling growth (Length of Root and Shoot)

Extract 3DE  

5DE

  

7DE

  

9DE

  

11DE
Day after sowing
 

 

RL              SL

  

 

RL              SL

  

 

RL              SL

  

 

RL              SL

  

 

RL              SL
3DAS nil nil nil nil 1.88 1.34 1.24 0.8 0.8 nil
5DAS nil nil nil nil 1.85 1.86 1.36 1.15 0.6 0.8
7DAS 1.35 0.2 1.6 0.2 1.86 2.0 1.4 1.67 0.8 1.0
9DAS 1.24 0.8 1.9 0.45 1.866 2.0 1.427 1.872 1.2 1.34
11DAS 1.066 1.4 1.7 0.9 1.866 2.433 1.681 1.781 1.4 1.68
13DAS 1.2 0.95 0.75 1.9 2.433 1.6 dry 1.7 1.5
15DAS 1.6 1.58 1.05 1.05 dry dry dry dry 1.7 nil
17DAS 1.58 1.66 1.266 0.7 dry dry dry dry 1. 24 0.86
19DAS dry dry dry dry dry dry dry dry 0.8 1.1

Tephrosia purpurea (Leaves Extract) TABLE 1: Number of seed germinated

Extract  

3DE

  

5DE

  

7DE

  

9DE

  

11DE
Day after sowing
3DAS nil nil 10 9 nil
5DAS nil nil 10 10(8d) 1
7DAS 1 nil 10 10 (8d) 2
9DAS 3(1rd) nil 10(d) 10(d) 2
11DAS 3(1rd) nil 10(d) 10(d) 2(1rd)
13DAS 3(1rd) nil 10(d) 10(d) 2(1d)
15DAS 3(1rd) nil 10(d) 10(d) 2(d)
17DAS 4(2d) 1(d) 10(d) 10(d) 3(2d)
19DAS 4(2d+1rd) 2(d) 10(d) 10(d) 3(2d+1e)

TABLE 2: Seedling growth (Length of Root and Shoot)

Extract 3DE  

5DE

  

7DE

  

9DE

  

11DE
Day after sowing
 

 

RL              SL

  

 

RL              SL

  

 

RL              SL

  

 

RL              SL

  

 

RL              SL
3DAS nil nil nil nil 1.24 0.6 0.8 0.4 nil nil
5DAS nil nil nil nil 1.36 1.0 1.38 0.6 0.4 nil
7DAS 2.2 1.2 nil nil 1.39 1.34 1.86 0.84 1.55 1.5
9DAS 1.96 1.65 nil nil 1.42 1.56 2.07 1.06 1.55 1.54
11DAS 1.666 1.833 nil nil 1.49 1.83 dry dry 1.55 1.56
13DAS 2.0 1.98 nil nil dry dry dry dry 1.55 1.6
15DAS 2.133 2.1 nil nil dry dry dry dry 1.45 1.6
17DAS 1.85 2.23 1.3 0.7 dry dry dry dry 0.8 0.89
19DAS 2 2.25 1.45 0.95 dry dry dry dry 1.6 1.66

Result and Discussion

From the present study this species provided a strong reduction on germination and early seedling growth of Parthenium hysterophorus L.         under   laboratory conditions in petri dishes. Inhibitory effects increased  with  increasing  aqueous  extract concentration  of  leaves,  stem  and  root. Parthenium  hysterophorus  L.  radicle  was more inhibited than plumule in petri dishes. Evidence showed that these plant release a diversity of allelochemicals into the environment,  which released by volatilization,  root  exudation,  death  and decay of plants and lecheates from living and decaying residues. These allelochemicals exhibit inhibitory responses on various morpho-physiological functions of receiver plants and such responses being observed to be dose dependent. There concentrations required for control of weeds on a field scale are impracticably higher. Therefore, further investigations will be required under green house and field conditions for pragmatic recommendation of species selection in the frame of weed species mediated ecological management of Parthenium hysterophorus L.

Conclusion

Increasing attention has been given to the role and potential of allelopathy as a management strategy for conservation of biodiversity against weeds. There is a great demand for compounds with selective toxicity that can be readily degraded by either the plant and by the soil micro organisms and provide new strategies for maintaining and  increasing  biodiversity  in future.

Reference

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