{"id":894,"date":"2018-12-03T09:55:43","date_gmt":"2018-12-03T09:55:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.gyanvihar.org\/journals\/?p=894"},"modified":"2019-05-25T12:06:04","modified_gmt":"2019-05-25T12:06:04","slug":"radio-frequencies-spectrum-auction-of-2015-and-its-impact-on-indian-mobile-service-providers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gyanvihar.org\/journals\/radio-frequencies-spectrum-auction-of-2015-and-its-impact-on-indian-mobile-service-providers\/","title":{"rendered":"RADIO FREQUENCIES SPECTRUM AUCTION OF 2015 AND ITS IMPACT ON INDIAN MOBILE SERVICE PROVIDERS"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><strong>pp<\/strong><strong>.8-13 <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><strong><em>Sumit Kumar Gautam*<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>1<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>, Durga Prasad Sharma<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>2<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">1LG Electronics, LG Soft India, Embassy Tech Square, ORR, Bangalore<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">2 Research Center MAISM, RTU Kota<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><strong><em>*<\/em><\/strong><em>Co<\/em><em>rr<\/em><em>e<\/em><em>s<\/em><em>p<\/em><em>o<\/em><em>n<\/em><em>d<\/em><em>i<\/em><em>n<\/em><em>g Author <\/em>email : <a href=\"mailto:sumit.ieee@gmail.com\">sumit.ieee@gmail.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><strong>A<\/strong><strong>B<\/strong><strong>S<\/strong><strong>TRA<\/strong><strong>C<\/strong><strong>T<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Government of India auctioned the rights to use certain specific radio spectrum frequencies in various service areas in first half of 2015. These radio frequencies are in the 2100 MHz, 1800 MHz, 900 MHz and 800 MHz bands.This auction was remarkable in term of revenue and to rollout \u00a0new \u00a0services. \u00a0The \u00a0Auction \u00a0was \u00a0a \u00a0Simultaneous Multiple Rounds Ascending (SMRA) e-auction, conducted over the Internet. This auction was very important to existing service providers to renew their, to be expiring licenses and to new operators who are planning to launch new services. This paper covers details \u00a0of \u00a0radio \u00a0frequencies \u00a0which \u00a0were \u00a0on \u00a0offer \u00a0in \u00a0this \u00a0auction, post auction radio frequencies allocation, major service providers\u201f holding in service areas and service providers\u201f plan. This paper explains the possible future of LTE services in India with current radio spectrum. \u00a0<em>Keywords: Spectrum Auction, DoT, RJIL, LTE, VoLTE<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">INTRODUCTION<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">India&#8217;s telecommunication network is the second largest in\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">the world based on the total number of telephone users. Telecom Regulatory Authority of India\u00a0 is tariffs deciding and policy making authority. Department of Telecommunication (DoT) on behalf of Government of India auctions license to use radio spectrum frequencies in telecom service areas in India. 800 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz, and 2300\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">MHz are main radio frequencies band for wireless telecommunication services in India.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><em>Indian Telecom Circles\u00a0<\/em><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">India has been logically divided into 22 telecom circles which are also known as service areas. Theses \u00a0service areas have been categorised in four categories. This categorisation is based upon teledensity and revenue potential.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Metros<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">A Category<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">B Category<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">C Category<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">India has 971 million telecom subscribers and teledensity of 77.58. Urban subscribers are 51% of total subscribers. Private operators\u201f market share is\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">~90%. Wireless subscribers are 944 million and Wire- line subscribers are 27 million. India is mainly GSM\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">driven market; there are 890.43 \u00a0million \u00a0GSM subscriber and rest are CDMA based wireless subscribers. Urban teledensity is 148 and rural teledensity is 46. Monthly average revenue per user (ARPU) for access services is 119 INR.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Figure 1.\u00a0 \u00a0Indian Telecom Circles<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-928\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gyanvihar.org\/journals\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/28.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"360\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Figure 2.\u00a0 \u00a0Indian Telecom Circles Categorization<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-931\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gyanvihar.org\/journals\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/29.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"599\" height=\"326\" \/><\/p>\n<ol style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><em>Indian Telecom Licenses<\/em><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Department of Telecommunication, Government of India has defined our types of license. i.e.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Data Service<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Carrier Service<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Access Service<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Unified Access Service<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">CMTS<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Unified License<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Data Service License<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">This license requires to provide Internet services. Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) started Internet services in India since 15th Aug 1995.<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Carrier Service License<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">PMRTS,\u00a0 Satellite Phone, Audio Taxi, Voice Mail, \u00a0Long Distance call, Radio Paging, Maritime Satellite,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Private Lease Circuit, Captive mobile radio trunk etc.\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">service are coming under this license.<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Access Service License<\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Unified Access Services\u00a0<\/span>Unified \u00a0Access \u00a0Services \u00a0operators \u00a0are \u00a0free \u00a0to provide, within their area of operation, services which cover \u00a0collection, \u00a0carriage, \u00a0transmission \u00a0and \u00a0delivery \u00a0of voice \u00a0and\/or \u00a0non-voice \u00a0messages \u00a0over \u00a0Licensee&#8217;s network\u00a0 \u00a0by\u00a0 \u00a0deploying\u00a0 \u00a0circuit\u00a0 \u00a0and\/or\u00a0 \u00a0packet\u00a0 \u00a0switched equipment. \u00a0This \u00a0Licensee \u00a0an \u00a0also \u00a0provide \u00a0voice \u00a0mail, audiotex \u00a0services, \u00a0video \u00a0conferencing, \u00a0videotex, \u00a0e- mail , closed user group as value added services over\u00a0 its network to the subscribers falling within its service area on non-discriminatory basis.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Cellular Mobile Telephone Service\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Cellular operators are free to provide, within their area of\u00a0 \u00a0operation,\u00a0 \u00a0all\u00a0 \u00a0types\u00a0 \u00a0of\u00a0 \u00a0mobile\u00a0 \u00a0services\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">including voice and non-voice messages, data services and public call offices utilizing any \u00a0type \u00a0of \u00a0network equipment, including circuit and\/or package switches that meet the relevant standards.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">A unified access services licensee can provide wireline as well as wireless services in a service area. Wireless services include full mobile, limited mobile and fixed wireless services. Basic and cellular services licensees are permitted to migrate to unified access services licence regime.<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Unified License<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Telecommunication systems have been changing very fast and there are frequent technical convergences too.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Voice, data, video and other service are being served\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">by single network. TRAI has decided to form single license to enhance affordability, increase access, delivery of multiple services and reduce cost. National telecom policy 2012 introduced unified license to maintain One Nation- One License.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><em>Indian Telecom History<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Indian postal &amp; telegraph is one of the world\u201fs oldest. First electric telegraph line was started in 1850 between Calcutta and Diamond harbour. First wireless telegraph station was established in 1902 between Sagar Island and Sandhead. Radio telegraph system was established between UK and India in 1927. Radiotelephone was introduced in \u00a01933. First subscriber trunk dialling route was commissioned between Lucknow and Kanpur in 1960. First optical fibre system was commission in Pune in 1979. First mobile service started in 1995. Internet \u00a0introduced \u00a0in \u00a0India in1995.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><em>Indian Telecom Timeline<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">1991 &#8211; The government allowed \u00a0private \u00a0telecom companies to manufacture telecom switches for telephone exchange<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">1992 &#8211; The Department of Telecommunication (DoT) invited bids for licenses for cellular service across the four metros.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Bombay:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0BPL Telecom and Maxtouch Delhi:\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Bharati Telecom and Sterling Calcutta: Usha Martin and Modi Telstra Madras:\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Skycell RPG and Cellular<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">1993 &#8211; The DoT commissioned ICICI\u00a0 to\u00a0 study \u00a0and prepare a report on the possibility of private participation in the telecommunication sector.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">1994 &#8211; National Telecom Policy, 1994.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">1995 &#8211; DoT allowed bidding for cellular licences and wireline licenses. Spectrum was bundled with the telecom service\u00a0 provider \u00a0license. \u00a0India \u00a0was \u00a0logically \u00a0divided into\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">21 circles (excluding four metros). Department of Telecommunication awarded two licences in each circle one to the state operator and the other to the private operator. The potential service providers in order to be eligible for bidding for licences had to partner up with a foreign company. Total 34 licences were issued. The term of the licence was fixed at ten years which was revised to 15 years.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">1998 &#8211; Internet services were rolled out in 1995 by Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">1999 &#8211; New Telecom Policy, 1999 has been introduced. New telecom policy allowed the migration of the licensees from a fixed licence fee regime to a revenue arrangement scheme. Policy allowed the government as the third operator in the circle.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">2000 &#8211; The government issued licence for national long distance telephony. There are 32 companies other than BSNL, the incumbent, which have been granted licences for national long distance services.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">2001 &#8211; Licences for basic telephone services using wireless in local loop (WLL) have been introduced. This was the first time that the first-come-first-serve scheme was implemented for issuing licences. \u00a0A \u00a0bid \u00a0for \u00a0cellular licence for a fourth operator was introduced.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">2002 &#8211; Department \u00a0of \u00a0Telecommunication issued licence to\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 private operators for international long distance telephony (ILD) services. The licence was valid for a term of 30 years.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">2003 &#8211; Calling party pays (CPP) has been introduced. Under CPP, no charges can be levied on receiving a call in the home circle. Unified access service licensing (UASL) regime was introduced by DoT.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">2007 &#8211; Department of Telecommunication allowed issuing of licences for operating on dual technologies\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">that is CDMA and GSM. DoT also allowed single licence to Internet Service Providers (ISP) but restriction was put in VoIP.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">2011 &#8211; The government introduced mobile number portability (MNP).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">2012 &#8211; National Telecom Policy, 2012 introduced Unified Licensing Regime. Under the regime, service operators can provide converged services. The spectrum has been delinked from the licence.<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">SPECTRUM AUCTION 2015<\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><em>Indian Telecom Spectrum Auction Timeline<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">1991 ~ 2000 \u2013 There was first license auction in 1991. It was for 2 service providers each in 4 metros. Each service provider has been allocated 4.5 MHz bandwidth\u00a0 in 900 MHz band. 8 CMTS license were provided for 4 metro cities to 8 private companies in 1994. Service has been started since 1995. There were 34 licenses for 18 telecom service areas allocated to 14 private companies\u00a0 during 1995 to 1998. There were maximum two licenses for CMTS in each service areas. These licensees were to pay fixed amount of license fees annually based on the agreed amount during the bidding process. Subsequently, they were permitted to migrate to New Telecom Policy (NTP) 1999 regime wherein they are required to pay license fee based on revenue share, which was effective from 1st August, 1999.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">2001 \u2013 There was bid for fourth operator in each circle on first come first serve basis. License for basic telephone services using wireless in local loop (WLL) also introduced.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">2008 \u2013 This year is known for telecom scam\/ 2G scam. Many service providers got license on 2001 scheme and at 2001 price. Supreme Court of India cancelled many licenses which were given under this auction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">2010 \u2013 This auction was to rollout 3G service and Wireless broadband (BWA). 2100 MHz and 2300 \u00a0MHz band frequencies were on auction. There was 5MHz bandwidth in 2100 MHz band\u00a0 was on auction because it was a new service i.e. 3G rollout. Other than BSNL\/MTNL 3 ~ 4 service providers got license in\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">each service area. Tata Teleservices\u00a0 became first service provider provided 3G services in India. 2100 MHz band cost \u00a0at \u00a0this \u00a0auction \u00a0was \u00a0USD \u00a00.32<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">\/MHz\/Population.\u00a0 There \u00a0was \u00a020MHz\u00a0 bandwidth \u00a0in \u00a02300 MHz \u00a0band \u00a0for \u00a0auction. \u00a0It \u00a0was \u00a0for \u00a0Wireless<\/span><\/p>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"18\">\n<table width=\"100%\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">12<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">broadband service rollout. 2300 MHz band cost at this auction\u00a0 \u00a0was\u00a0 \u00a0USD\u00a0 \u00a00.06\u00a0 \u00a0\/MHz\/Population.\u00a0 \u00a0Infotel\u00a0 \u00a0got BWA license in all 22 circles. Result was declared on\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">the\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">license is not expiring in 2015-16 needed to bid min\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">0.6 MHz.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">June 2010. RIL has acquired Infotel on 11<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">June \u00a02010.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Service roll-out duration was 5 years since allocation i.e.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">2012 \u2013 This auction was for 1800 MHz &amp; \u00a0800 \u00a0MHz bands for GSM &amp; CDMA services respectively. The Supreme Court \u00a0of \u00a0India \u00a0has \u00a0cancelled \u00a0allocation \u00a0for many service providers in Feb-2012. Service providers who earlier got license in 1991 supposed to\u00a0 renew their licenses to continue service. 102 out of 140 spectrum blocks went under auction bid. There was no bid for 800 MHz band.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">2013 \u2013 This auction was for 900 MHz, 1800 MHz and 800 MHz band. This auction was held in Jan-2013 to promote competitiveness in CDMA i.e. 800 MHz band. There was no bid for 900 MHz and 1800 MHz bands. SSTL alone bid for 800 MHz band.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">2014 \u2013 This auction was held in Feb-2014 and meant for 900 MHz &amp; 1800 MHz bands. Auction unit were 1MHz paired for 900 MHz band and 200 KHz paired for 1800 MHz band. Bharti Airtel &amp; Vodafone were providing GSM services on 900 MHz band since 20 years (1994 auction) and their licenses about to expire. They supposed to renew their licenses to continue service. RJIL won license for 14 circles for 1800 MHz band.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">2015 \u2013 Department of Telecommunication auctioned license to use radio frequencies for 20 years in \u00a0800 MHz, 900\u00a0 MHz, 1800\u00a0 MHz,\u00a0\u00a0 2100\u00a0\u00a0 MHz \u00a0bands \u00a0this year. Auction unit were 1.25 MHz paired for 800 MHz band, 200 KHz paired for 900 MHz band, 200 KHz paired for 1800 MHz band, and 5 MHz paired for 2100 MHz band. The reasons for this auction were chance to renew license whose license expire \u00a02015-16, competitiveness and new entrants. New entrant needed to bid min 5MHz bandwidth in 800 MHz, 900 \u00a0MHz \u00a0and 1800 MHz bands. Licensee whose license expires in 2015-<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">16 needed to bid min 5MHz \u00a0bandwidth. \u00a0Existing \u00a0900 MHz \u00a0band \u00a0spectrum \u00a0holder, \u00a0whose<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Figure 3.\u00a0 \u00a0Spectrum Auction 2015<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-932\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gyanvihar.org\/journals\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/30.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"508\" height=\"137\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-933\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gyanvihar.org\/journals\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/31.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"326\" height=\"465\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Figure 4.\u00a0 \u00a0Frequency Bandwidth on Auction in 2015\u00a0 800 MHz band radio frequencies were prime focus because\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">it is one of the most suitable LTE service band in India. Reliance Jio is planning to roll out Pan-India LTE services by 2015 and this band \u00a0acquisition \u00a0was \u00a0very \u00a0much required to roll \u00a0out \u00a0LTE \u00a0services. \u00a0Other \u00a0service providers\u201f license was expiring this year &amp; next year so they have to acquire respective radio frequencies license to continue services. 900 MHz band in focus as it is prime spectrum and its auction gave maximum money to government in this auction.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><em>Final Allocation<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Spectrum auction results were announced and it was high revenue generating, competitive auction. Total bid amount was USD 17.6 billion. Tata Teleservices also bought top up spectrum in the circles where their 800MHz licences will be expiring in 2018, to secure the continuity of their operations in these circle. The newly won 800MHz spectrum by Reliance Communication ensures that it has at least 5MHz of spectrum in each of the\u00a0 22 circles in this band which will enable it to expand its Pro3 Rev.B footprint and launch FD-LTE in the future. Reliance Communication became \u00a0first \u00a0operator \u00a0to \u00a0possess \u00a0pan India contiguous 800MHz band spectrum. RJIL got 800MHz spectrum in 10 circles and 1800MHz spectrum in\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">6 \u00a0circles. \u00a0Idea \u00a0won \u00a0back \u00a0900 \u00a0MHz \u00a0spectrum across 9 circles.<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">LTE SERVICE IN INDIA<\/span><\/h1>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><em>LT<\/em><em>E bands in India<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">LTE B3, B5, B40 are for LTE services in \u00a0India. Airtel is providing TD-LTE service \u00a0in \u00a0many \u00a0cities. Aircel is providing TD-LTE service in 6 circles. Reliance Jio has LTE band #40 licenses for all 22 circles and 1800 MHz band licenses in 18 service areas and 800 MHz band licenses in 10 service areas for FD-LTE services.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Figure 5.\u00a0 \u00a0LTE Bands in India<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-936\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gyanvihar.org\/journals\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/32.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"259\" height=\"465\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><em>Reliance Jio Spectrum Holding<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">RJIL has LTE band #40 i.e. 2300 MHz band licenses in all 22 circles. RJIL has LTE band #3 i.e. 1800 MHz band licenses in 18 circles. RJIL has LTE band #5 i.e. 800 MHz band licenses in 10 circles.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><em>Importance of 800 MHz<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Lower frequency bands are comparatively better then higher frequency bands. Following three parameters explain<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Propagation Loss<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Link Performance<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Coverage<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-938\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gyanvihar.org\/journals\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/33.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"653\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.gyanvihar.org\/journals\/uploads\/2018\/12\/33.png 653w, https:\/\/www.gyanvihar.org\/journals\/uploads\/2018\/12\/33-624x376.png 624w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 653px) 100vw, 653px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Figure 6.\u00a0 \u00a0RJIL &#8211; Spectrum Licenses<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">The propagation loss of radio waves increases with the frequency. High frequency bands have a larger propagation loss.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-943\" src=\"http:\/\/www.gyanvihar.org\/journals\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/12\/34.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"508\" height=\"407\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Figure 7.\u00a0 \u00a0Propogation Loss &amp; Propogation Distance Link \u00a0performance \u00a0is \u00a0usually characterized \u00a0by SINR with<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">guaranteed BLER. Frequency effects on the link performance are mainly manifested in the Doppler shift disparity \u00a0with \u00a0a \u00a0certain \u00a0moving \u00a0speed \u00a0and,\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">eventually, \u00a0effects \u00a0on \u00a0SINR. \u00a0SINR\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 performance \u00a0impact between the frequency bands is very limited.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Figure 8.\u00a0 \u00a0Link Performance Curves Coverage \u00a0area \u00a0of \u00a0lower \u00a0frequency \u00a0cell \u00a0is \u00a0significantly<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">higher than coverage area of higher frequency cell. For 800 MHz band UL cell range is 1.09 km and coverage \u00a0area<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">CONCLUSION<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Government of India has received record revenue i.e.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">one lac ten thousand crore by this spectrum auction. This auction was a simultaneous multiple rounds ascending e- auction. There were 115 rounds on biding and transparent bid mechanism. LTE service rollout on lower frequency band made this auction higher revenue generating and competitive. 800 MHz and 900 MHz bands were in focus. 900 MHz band generate highest revenue. Service providers who got licenses for 800 MHz are planning to rollout FDD- LTE services. LTE band#3 and #5 based FDD-LTE and LTE band #40 based TD-LTE services are being roll-out by Indian service providers. Allocated frequencies are non- contiguous and in order of 5MH bandwidth so Carrier Aggregation will be one of the technical requirements to \u00a0serve higher throughput. Many of service providers do not received LTE band#3, band#5 pan India so small cell &amp; HetNet formation will also be a used during network planning.<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">ACKNOWLEDGEMENT<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">We\u00a0 \u00a0thank\u00a0 \u00a0research\u00a0 \u00a0supervisor\u00a0 \u00a0and\u00a0 \u00a0seniors\u00a0 \u00a0of\u00a0 \u00a0the organization for their support &amp; encouragement.<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">2.33 km\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">in urban area. While 2300 MHz band UL cell<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">2<\/span><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">REFERENCES<\/span><\/h1>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">range \u00a0is \u00a00.51km \u00a0and \u00a0coverage \u00a0area \u00a00.50 \u00a0km\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">in \u00a0same\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">urban area. This mean service provider has to install more network infrastructure to serve same coverage area if service provider is serving on higher band.\u00a0 More network\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">infrastructure directly increases capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operation expenditure (OPEX).\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Another issue with higher frequency band is lower in- building penetration. This mean network signal strength is not good inside building. Lower network signal strength directly affects quality of service.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><em>Reliance Jio Infocomm Limited LTE Plan\u00a0<\/em><\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">RJIL has pan India licenses for band#40.\u00a0 LTE Band#40 for TD-LTE has indoor penetration and higher capex &amp; opex issues. To overcome these issues RJIL may plan for FD- LTE at band #3 &amp; #5. RJIL has 20 circles license for FD- LTE. RIL chief announced RJIL LTE service launch plan during annual general meeting. Low tariff,\u00a0 low cost device, high quality service have announced by RIL chief.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">[1]\u00a0 3GPP TR 36.913, \u201eRequirements for \u00a0further \u00a0advancements for Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) (LTE- \u00a0Advanced)\u201f<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">[2]\u00a0 \u00a03GPP \u201cSummary of \u00a0LTE Advanced Requirements presented at the workshop\u201d, REV-080058, 2008.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">[3]\u00a0 \u00a03GPP\u00a0 \u00a0\u201cLTE-Advanced\u00a0 \u00a0\u2013\u00a0 \u00a0LTE\u00a0 \u00a0evolution\u00a0 \u00a0towards\u00a0 \u00a0IMT- Advanced Technology components\u201d, REV-080030, 2008.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">[4]\u00a0 \u00a03GPP\u00a0\u00a0 TS\u00a0\u00a0 36.300,\u00a0 \u00a0\u201cE-UTRA \u00a0and\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 E-UTRAN\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Overall\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Description Stage 2 (Release10),\u201d Sep. 2011, v10.5.0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">[5]\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Department \u00a0of \u00a0Telecommunication, \u00a0Government \u00a0of India<a href=\"http:\/\/www.dot.gov.in\/\">,<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.dot.gov.in\/\">http:\/\/www.dot.gov.in<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">[6]\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Telecom Regulatory Authority of India, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.trai.gov.in\/\">www.trai.gov.in<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">[7]\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Reliance Industries Limited, AGM, Chairman&#8217;s \u00a0Statement \u00a0at RIL AGM <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ril.com\/\">http:\/\/www.ril.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">[8]\u00a0 \u00a0Welcome\u00a0 \u00a0to\u00a0 \u00a0Cellular\u00a0 \u00a0Operators\u00a0 \u00a0Association\u00a0 \u00a0of\u00a0 \u00a0India,<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.coai.com\/\">www.coai.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">[9]\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Maps of India, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mapsofindia.com\/\">www.mapsofindia.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">[10] \u00a0ZTE, APT 700 MHz, Best Choice of Nationawide Coverage [11]\u00a0 \u00a0Sumit\u00a0 \u00a0Gautam,\u00a0 \u00a0Durga\u00a0 \u00a0Prasad\u00a0 \u00a0Sharma,\u00a0 \u00a0\u201cDistributed\u00a0 \u00a0&amp;\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">Prioritised \u00a0Scheduling to\u00a0 Implement Carrier Aggregation in\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;\">LTE\u00a0 \u00a0Advanced\u00a0 \u00a0Systems\u201d,\u00a0 \u00a0DOI\u00a0 \u00a010.1109\/ACCT.2014.71, 978-1-4799-4910-6\/14 IEEE, IJWWC, ISSN:2319-9520<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>pp.8-13 Sumit Kumar Gautam*1, Durga Prasad Sharma2 1LG Electronics, LG Soft India, Embassy Tech Square, ORR, Bangalore 2 Research Center MAISM, RTU Kota *Corresponding Author email : sumit.ieee@gmail.com ABSTRACT Government of India auctioned the rights to use certain specific radio spectrum frequencies in various service areas in first half of 2015. These radio frequencies are [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,40],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-894","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-journal-of-environment-science-and-technology","category-volume-1-issue-2-2015-journal-of-environment-science-and-technology"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>research journal - Research Journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Government of India auctioned the rights to use certain specific radio spectrum frequencies in various service areas in first half of 2015 | SGVU Journal.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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