{"id":56341,"date":"2023-01-21T05:07:17","date_gmt":"2023-01-21T05:07:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gyanvihar.org\/journals\/?p=56341"},"modified":"2023-03-24T05:28:05","modified_gmt":"2023-03-24T05:28:05","slug":"a-review-on-study-of-underutilized-plant-cissus-woodroii-stapf-ex-cooke-and-genus-cissus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gyanvihar.org\/journals\/a-review-on-study-of-underutilized-plant-cissus-woodroii-stapf-ex-cooke-and-genus-cissus\/","title":{"rendered":"A Review on study of underutilized plant Cissus Woodroii (Stapf ex Cooke) and genus Cissus."},"content":{"rendered":"

A Review on study of underutilized plant Cissus Woodroii<\/em> (Stapf ex Cooke) and genus Cissus<\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Mrs. Pallavi Nemgonda Patil* 1, Dr. Santosh K.Sing2, Dr. Kiran A.Wadkar3<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1, 2.Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajastan India.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy, Sangli, Maharashtra, India.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    ABSTRACT-<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Cissus woodroii<\/em> grows in hilly regions in Maharashtra (Pune, Kolhapur, Pasarni ghat area Satara), Andhra India. It belongs to genus Cissus<\/em>, family vitaceae. Cissus woodroii<\/em> also serves as a good source of Maximum per cent yield (13.49%), total phenolic content (24.14 mg TAE\/g dry weight), and total flavonoid content (18.45 mg QE\/g dry weight) were recorded in the methanolic leaf extract.\u00a0 Proximate analysis of fruits showed a calorific value of 168.86 kcal\/100 g dry weight (DW). These fruits were found to be rich in macro- (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus) and micro- (iron, manganese, zinc, and copper) mineral elements and vitamins (carotenoids and ascorbic acid)( Rupali M. Kolap et.al.2022). Such plants are termed as \u201cunderutilized\u201d as scientific evidence regarding their potential is lacking. Taxonomically, it is a unique plant species of Cissus<\/em> due to its shrub-like habit ( Rupali Mukesh Kolap et al 2020).cissus woodroii<\/em> is also used for various treatments like Antioxidant activity, \u00a0nutritional value of underutilized wild C. woodrowii <\/em>fruits. This article throws light on various recent knowledge of scientific research in various aspects of this genus cissus (Gabriel Fernandes et al.,2012) and cissus woodroii and<\/em> remarkable pharmacological activities such as antioxidant and antitumour.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \u00a0 Keywords: <\/strong>Antioxidant, nutraceuticals, flavonide, Cissus woodroii<\/em>, Phytochemical and pharmacological study, Cissus,Vitaceae.<\/em><\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

      \n
    1. INTRODUCTION<\/strong> (Shankara Rao K et al.,2019), ( SingN.P et al 2000)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      The plant designed as medicinal is implied that it is useful as a drug or therapeutic agent or an active ingredient of a medicinal preparation.<\/p>\n

      Various medicinal plants have been applied for years in daily life to treat disease all over the world (Nair et al.2004).The low or no harmful effect of medicine derived from natural sources has received a great deal of attention in both developed and developing countries (Lawal D et al.2013). According to a World Health Organization (WHO) report, herbal plants are widely used to treat and manage dangerous ailments (by approximately 80% of the world\u2019s population) (WHO 2019).Medicinal plants are important for pharmacological research and drug development because plant constituents are not only used directly as therapeutic agents, but also as starting materials for the synthesis of drugs or as models for pharmacologically active compounds. Herbal-derived remedies need a powerful and deep assessment of their pharmacological qualities and safety issues due to the large and growing use of natural-derived substances all over the world, which cannot rely only on the traditional knowledge. Plants are used medicinally in different countries and are a source of many potent and powerful drugs. On the other hand, there are several plants which possess various phytochemicals that can be beneficial to humans but are not explored yet. (Murthy HN et al.2020).<\/p>\n

      Vitaceae (the grape family) consist of 16 genera and ca. 950 species (Jun Wen et al 2018)and represented by the woody climbers with leaf opposed tendrils, some of them are shrubs and succulents too. Genus Cissus <\/em>belongs to the family Vitaceae consists of about 350 species, among these a number of species used globally in traditional medicine to treat various ailments.( M. Manokariet al 2019) (Tasadduq R et al.2017; Dhanasekaran S et al.2020).<\/p>\n

      The present plant Cissus woodroii <\/em>grows in hilly regions in Maharashtra (Pune,Kolhapur), on Buleshwar hill, near Yawat, Pune, Peddamandyam mandal, Chittoor district, in Andhra Pradesh. Andhra. It belongs to genus Cissus<\/em>, Vitaceae family. It has erect shrubs with stems terete or obscurely angled, leaves large and more or less orbicular.The leaf-size is used to key out them (Lamina 20-30 \u00d7 20-25 cm and petioles 15-25 cm; these measurement may be of basal leaves while our herbarium specimens have distal leaves which are usually smaller characterize C. woodrowii.<\/em><\/p>\n

      It is shrub and wild variety. According to information collected in local area of Kolhapur it was observed that, it\u2019s flowering season start\u2019s in month of September and bears fruits from month of October and losses leaves from November to December. The baby leaves comes in month of May to June. It\u2019s roots are used traditionally as a antitumor in animal treatment in Maharashtra. In Andhra Pradesh the paste of the stem is applied externally to relieve rheumatic pains.<\/p>\n

      To date, hundreds of plant species of Cissus<\/em> have been explored for their phenolic<\/p>\n

      compounds and antioxidant activities, since it is associated with cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases, liver diseases, chronic kidney diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, etc.( Coulibaly AY et al.2014; Liguori I et al.2018).<\/p>\n

      Cissus woodrowii <\/em>(Stapf ex Cooke) Santapau is commonly known as \u2018Woodrow\u2019s grape tree\u2019. (Shankara Rao K et al.2019). Taxonomically, it is a unique plant species of Cissus<\/em> due to its shrub-like habit, while the remaining taxa of the Vitaceae are woody lianas.( Cooke T.1902)<\/p>\n

      Bioprospecting of Cissus woodrowii <\/em>for its phytochemicals and bioactivities is unnoticed.<\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      Sr.No.<\/strong><\/td>\nTribe <\/strong><\/td>\nGenus <\/strong><\/td>\nSpecies<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      1<\/td>\nAmpelopsideae<\/td>\nAmpelopsis Michx.<\/p>\n

      Nekemias Raf.<\/p>\n

      Clematicissus Planch.<\/p>\n

      Rhoicissus Planch.<\/td>\n

      		18<\/p>\n

      9<\/p>\n

      6<\/p>\n

      14<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      2<\/td>\nCisseae<\/td>\nCissus L.<\/td>\n300<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      3<\/td>\nCayratieae<\/td>\nCayratia Juss.<\/p>\n

      Causonis Raf.<\/p>\n

      Acareosperma Gagnep.<\/p>\n

      \u201cAfrocayratia\u201d<\/p>\n

      Cyphostemma (Planch.) Alston<\/p>\n

      Pseudocayratia J.Wen, L.M.Lu & Z.D. Chen<\/p>\n

      Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch.<\/td>\n

      		25<\/p>\n

      30<\/p>\n

      1<\/p>\n

      7<\/p>\n

      200<\/p>\n

      5<\/p>\n

      100<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      4<\/td>\nParthenocisseae<\/td>\nParthenocissus Planch.<\/p>\n

      Yua C.L.Li<\/td>\n

      		14<\/p>\n

      2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      5<\/td>\nViteae<\/td>\nVitis L.<\/p>\n

      Ampelocissus Planch.<\/p>\n

      (including Nothocissus and Pterisanthes)<\/td>\n

      		75<\/p>\n

      115<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Table 1 <\/strong>–<\/strong>Phylogenetic Tribal Classification of Vitaceae with <\/strong>T<\/strong>ribes and genera. <\/strong>(Jun Wen et al 2018)<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\nCissus acreensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus fuliginea<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus pileatus<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus acris<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus furcifera<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus pingtungensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus acuminata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus fusifolia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus pinnatifolia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus adamii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus gambianus<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus planchoniana<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus adeyana<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus gardneri<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus planchonii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Endeavour River-vine\u00a0–\u00a0Cissus adnata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus geniculata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus platanifolia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Venezuela treebine\u00a0–\u00a0Cissus alata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus glandulosa<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus pobeguini<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus albida<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus glaucophylla<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus poilanei<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      9.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus albiporcata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n9.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus glaucotricha<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n9.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus politus<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      10.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus amapaensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n10.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus glossopetala<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n10.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus polyantha<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      11.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus ambongensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n11.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus glyptocarpa<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n11.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus polydactyla<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      12.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus amoena<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n12.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus gongylodes<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n12.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus populnea<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      13.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus anemonifolia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n13.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus gossweileri<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n13.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus producta<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      14.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus angustata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n14.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus gossypiifolia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n14.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus prunifera<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      15.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus anisophylla<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n15.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus goudotii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n15.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus pseudofuliginea<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      16.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus annamicus<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n16.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus grandifolia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n16.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus pseudoguerkeana<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      17.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus antandroy<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n17.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus granulosa<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n17.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus pseudopolyantha<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      18.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Kangaroo vine\u00a0–\u00a0Cissus antarctica<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n18.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus grisea<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n18.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus pseudoverticillata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      19.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus anulata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n19.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus guerkeana<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n19.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus psoralifolia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      20.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus apendiculata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n20.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus haematantha<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n20.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus pteroclada<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      21.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus aphylla<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n21.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus hamaderohensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n21.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus pubinervis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      22.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus aphyllantha<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n22.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus hastata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n22.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus pulcherrima<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      23.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus apoensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n23.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus heteroma<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n23.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus pynaertii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      24.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus araguainensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n24.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus heterophylla<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n24.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Veldt grape\u00a0–\u00a0Cissus quadrangularis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      25.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus aralioides<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n25.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus heterotoma<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n25.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus quadricornuta<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      26.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus arguta<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n26.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus hexangularis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n26.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus quarrei<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      27.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus aristata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n27.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus heyneana<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n27.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus quinquangularis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      28.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus aristolochiifolia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n28.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus hookeri<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n28.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus reniformis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      29.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus aristolochioides<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n29.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus humbertianus<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n29.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus repanda<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      30.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus arnottiana<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n30.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus humbertii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n30.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus\u00a0–\u00a0Cissus repens<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      31.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus assamica<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n31.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Five-leaved Grape\u00a0–\u00a0Cissus hypoglauca<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n31.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus reticulata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      32.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus astrotrichus<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n32.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus incisa<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n32.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus retivenia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      33.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus atacorensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n33.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus integrifolia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n33.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus rhamnoidea<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      34.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus aubertiana<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n34.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Intermediate treebine\u00a0–\u00a0Cissus intermedia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n34.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus rheifolia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      35.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus auricomus<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n35.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus inundata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n35.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus rhodotricha<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      36.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus austroyunnanensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n36.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus javalensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n36.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus robinsonii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      37.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus bachmaensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n37.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus javana<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n37.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus rondoensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      38.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus bahiensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n38.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus kawensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n38.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus rostrata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      39.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus barbeyana<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n39.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus kerrii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n39.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Venezuelan treebine\u00a0–\u00a0Cissus rotundifolia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      40.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus barteri<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n40.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus koordersii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n40.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus rubiginosa<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      41.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus bathyrhakodes<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n41.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus kouandeensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n41.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus rubricaulis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      42.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus bauerlenii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n42.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus kouilouensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n42.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus rubropilosa<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      43.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus bequaertii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n43.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus lamprophylla<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n43.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus rufescens<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      44.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus bicolor<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n44.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus laneus<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n44.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus ruginosicarpa<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      45.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus biformifolia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n45.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus lanyuensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n45.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus ruspolii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      46.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus blanchetiana<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n46.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus latifolia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n46.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus sagittifer<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      47.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus blumeana<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n47.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus lebrunii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n47.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus saponaria<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      48.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus boivinii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n48.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus leemansii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n48.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus schmitzii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      49.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus boliviana<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n49.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus lemuricus<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n49.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus schumanniana<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      50.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus bosseri<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n50.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus lenticellata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n50.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus sciaphila<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      51.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus bracteosa<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n51.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus leonardii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n51.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus senegalensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      52.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus brevipes<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n52.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus leucophlea<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n52.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus serroniana<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      53.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus cactiformis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n53.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus lineata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n53.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus serrulatifolia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      54.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus cacuminis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n54.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus lonchiphylla<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n54.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus setulosa<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      55.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus caesia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n55.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus longicymosa<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n55.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus siamica<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      56.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus calcicola<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n56.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus louisii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n56.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus silvestris<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      57.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus camiriensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n57.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus luzoniensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n57.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus simsiana<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      58.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus campestris<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n58.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus macrobotrys<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n58.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus smithiana<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      59.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus cardiophylla<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n59.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus macrophylla<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n59.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus spectabilis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      60.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus carrissoi<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n60.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus madecassa<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n60.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus spinosa<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      61.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus cerasiformis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n61.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus marcanii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n61.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Long-leaved Grape\u00a0–\u00a0Cissus sterculiifolia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      62.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus clematidea<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n62.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus mauritiana<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n62.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus stipulata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      63.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus coccinea<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n63.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus megacarpa<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n63.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Minature grape ivy\u00a0–\u00a0Cissus striata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      64.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus cochinchinensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n64.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus mexicana<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n64.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus subaphylla<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      65.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus colombiensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n65.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus microcarpa<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n65.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus suberecta<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      66.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus comosus<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n66.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus microdonta<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n66.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus subhastata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      67.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus compressiflora<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n67.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus miegei<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n67.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus subramanyamii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      68.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus conchigera<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n68.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus migeodii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n68.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus subrhomboidea<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      69.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus convolvulacea<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n69.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus milnei<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n69.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus subtetragona<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      70.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus cornifolia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n70.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus mirabilis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n70.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus sue<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      71.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus corylifolia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n71.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus modeccoides<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n71.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus sulcicaulis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      72.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus coursii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n72.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus morifolia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n72.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus sulfurosus<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      73.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus craibii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n73.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus narinensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n73.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus sumatrana<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      74.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus crusei<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n74.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus neei<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n74.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus surinamensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      75.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus cucumerifolia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n75.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus nervosa<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n75.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus sylvicola<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      76.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus cucurbitina<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n76.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus nicaraguensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n76.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus teysmannii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      77.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus cuspidata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n77.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus nigropilosa<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n77.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus thalictrifolia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      78.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus cussonioides<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n78.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus nobilis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n78.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus tiliacea<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      79.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus darik<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n79.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Javanese treebine\u00a0–\u00a0Cissus nodosa<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n79.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus tiliiformis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      80.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus dasyantha<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n80.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus novemfolia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n80.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus timoriensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      81.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus dealbata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n81.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus nymphaeifolia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n81.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus tinctoria<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      82.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus debilis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n82.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus obliqua<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n82.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus touraensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      83.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus decaryi<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n83.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus oblonga<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n83.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus trianae<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      84.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus decidua<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n84.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus oblongifolia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n84.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Sorrelvine\u00a0–\u00a0Cissus trifoliata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      85.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus descoingsii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n85.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Spoonleaf treebine\u00a0–\u00a0Cissus obovata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n85.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus trigona<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      86.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus dewevrei<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n86.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus oliveri<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n86.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus triloba<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      87.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus dichotoma<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n87.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus oreophila<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n87.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus triternata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      88.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus diffusiflora<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n88.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus osaensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n88.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\nCissus trothae<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      89.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus dinklagei<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n89.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus oxyodonta<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n89.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus tweedieana<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      90.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus diversilobata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n90.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus palmata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n90.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus ulmifolia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      91.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus doeringii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n91.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus palmatifida<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n91.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus umbellata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      92.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus duarteana<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n92.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus paniculata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n92.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus ursina<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      93.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus duboisii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n93.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus paraensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n93.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus uvifer<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      94.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus egestosa<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n94.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\nCissus parviflora<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n94.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus venezuelensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      95.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus ellenbeckii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n95.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus patellicalyx<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n95.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Princessvine\u00a0–\u00a0Cissus verticillata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      96.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus elongata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n96.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus paucinervia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n96.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus vinosa<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      97.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Caro de tres hojas\u00a0–\u00a0Cissus erosa<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n97.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus paullinifolia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n97.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus viridescens<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      98.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus evrardii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n98.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus peltata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n98.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus vitiginea<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      99.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus fanshawei<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n99.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus penninervis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n99.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus voanonala<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      100.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus farinosa<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n100.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus pentaclada<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n100.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus wallacei<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      101.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\nCissus faucicola<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n101.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus pentagona<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n101.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus wellmanii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      102.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus flavens<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n102.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus perrieri<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n102.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus welwitschii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      103.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus flaviflora<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n103.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus peruviana<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n103.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus wenshanensis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      104.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus flavifolia<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n104.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus petiolata<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n104.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus woodrowii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      105.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus floribunda<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n105.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus phymatocarpa<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n105.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus wrightiana<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      106.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus forsteniana<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n106.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus picardae<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n106.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus xerophila<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      107.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus fragilis<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n107.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\nCissus parviflora<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n107.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em>Cissus youngii<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Total=107+107+108=322species<\/td>\n108.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em><\/td>\nCissus zombitsy<\/em><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      <\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Table 2 <\/strong>\u2013<\/strong>Cissus genus Classification of Vitaceae family<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

      ( https:\/\/observation.org\/taxa\/10104\/?genus=Cissus)<\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Synonym <\/strong><\/p>\n

      Cissus woodroii, Vitis woodroii <\/em>(Stapf ex Cook) Santapaue<\/p>\n

      Common names <\/strong><\/p>\n

      Woodrow\u2019s grape tree, <\/strong>Girnool<\/p>\n

      Taxonomy of Cissus woodroii <\/em>L. <\/strong>(flora of Bombay Presedency) (India Biodiversity portal)<\/p>\n

      Kindom-Plantae<\/p>\n

      Phylum-Tracheophyta<\/p>\n

      Class : Magnoiliopsida<\/p>\n

      Order : Vitales<\/p>\n

      Family : Vitaceae<\/p>\n

      Genus : Cissus <\/em><\/p>\n

      Species : woodroii<\/em><\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

        \n
      1. BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION OF CISSUS WOODROII-<\/em><\/strong>(Cooke. T 1902,Tetali, et al<\/em>. 2000) (Rupali Mukesh Kolap et al .,2020),( Sharma BDet al 1984,1988)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        It is an erect shrub 5 -6 ft. high ;trunk 3\u20144 in. thick at the base ; bark rough, grey ; lower branches2\u20143 ft. long, annual , ecirrhose , slightly tomentose at t he apex.\u00a0 Leaves up to 9 in. long and broad, pale green, cordate-ovate or cordate -rotund( with a broad sinus), usually shortly (rarely obscurely) 3 \u2014lobed, acute or acuminate,re pand-cre nat e (t he cre nature s re curve d) ,at first sparingly tomentose , at length glabrate ,rather firm, palmi\u2014nerved ; petiole s nearlye quallingt he blade,more or less tomentose when young ; stipules triangular-ovate , reddish,caducous. Flow e rs tetrame rous,in compoundumbe ls ; peduncle s 1 in. or afterwards 2 in. long ; primary rays usually 4 about \u20145 in. long at time of flowering, afterwards up t o 1 ; in.\u201clong ;pedice ls at time of flow e ring 71ih . , afterwards in. long, thick, straight. Calyx sauce r-shaped : limb membranous, truncate or very obscurely lobed. Petal s 4 calyptrately deciduous, hooded and thickened at t he apex. Disk 4-lobed. Style the root contains starch-granule s in abnudance , of variable form,also raphides.<\/p>\n

        Which are pointed at one end and 2\u20143-furcate at the other Large shrubs or small trees, 1.5-3.0m high, bark rough, grey.Leaves, large, 8-20 cm as long as broad, ovate, sometimes obscurely3-lobed, apex acute, acuminate, base cordate, margins crenate-repand. Flowers green, apex tinged red, 0.3 \u20130.5 cm across, in compound umbels; calyx saucer shaped; petals deciduous. Berries 0.7 \u20131.0 cm across, subglobose, reddish when ripe.<\/p>\n

        \"\"<\/p>\n

        Fig. 1. <\/strong>Cissus woodroii( Vitis woodroii) <\/em>(Stapf ex Cook) Santapaue plant growing under natural conditions.<\/p>\n

        \"\"<\/p>\n

        Fig. 2. <\/strong>Cissus woodroii( Vitis woodroii) <\/em>(Stapf ex Cook)-1,Habit, 2.Flower, 3.Fruit, 4.&.5Inflorescence,6.Leaf-Dorsal view.<\/p>\n

         <\/p>\n

          \n
        1. STUDY OF SOME SPECIES FROM GENUS CISSUS-<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          (Bhanumathi Natarajan et al.,2000),( Chidambara Murthy KN et al,.2003), ( Rein Hui,2007), ,( AA Ahmadu<\/a> et al 2010), (Anna Trias-Blasi\u00a0 et al.,2010),(Gabriel Fernandes et al., 2012),(Kashikar ND et al,. 2012),(Atiku, I et al 2013),( Sani, Y.M.1 etal.,2014),( Jacek Drobnik et al., 2015), ( Ganapathymuru Ganalagu Lakshmanan et al., 2016,( Hari Sasidharan et al., 2016),( Ganalagu Lakshmanan\u00a0 et al.,2016),( Poornima R\u00a0 et al., 2016),( Sujata Tetali et al., 2016), ( Alina K Sebastian et al 2017),( Harisha C. R\u00a0 et al.,2017),( Md. Nazim Uddin Chy\u00a0 et al., 2017), ( Selvi P et al 2017),( Sudha Parimala\u00a0 et al., 2017), ( Chukwuebuka\u00a0 et al., 2018), (Marielba de los et al., 2019), ( M. Manokari et al 2019) ,( Mosaib MG\u00a0 et al., 2020),( Ozimede et al 2020) ( Jayanthi Chenniappan et al,. 2020),( Mar\u00eda del Rayo Camacho-Corona et al., 2020),( Arti Singh et al,.2021), (LailyRahamawatiet al.,2021),( India Biodiversity portal),( Rajesh kumar S et al., 2021).<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          Sr.no<\/strong><\/td>\nName of species<\/strong><\/td>\nLocation<\/strong><\/td>\nCommon name<\/strong><\/td>\nChemical constituent<\/strong><\/td>\nPharmacological activity<\/strong><\/td>\nPart used<\/strong><\/td>\nHabitat<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          1.<\/td>\nCissus adnata<\/em><\/td>\nBhatiary, Chittagong-Bangladesh<\/td>\nBhatia lot,down \u2013rang in Assamees ,pani-lara in Nepali<\/td>\nalkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, proteins, amino acid, glycosides, and terpenoids<\/td>\nantibacterial, pesticidal, antiviral, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agents<\/td>\nleaves<\/td>\nClimber<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          2.<\/td>\nCissus aralioides <\/em><\/td>\nCameroon ,Obio\/Akpor Local<\/p>\n

          Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria<\/td>\n

          		kindamina<\/td>\nalkaloid, saponin,<\/p>\n

          tannin, flavonoid, steroid, terpenoid, cardiac glycoside, proteins and reducing sugar<\/td>\n

          		anti-microbial and toxicological agent<\/p>\n

          against microorganisms of the gastrointestinal and<\/p>\n

          urogenital ,tracts, arthritis, edema, treatment for fever and malaria<\/td>\n

          		Leaf, roots<\/td>\nclimber<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          3.<\/td>\nCissus araneosa<\/em><\/td>\nIndia : Evergreen forests of western Ghats, up to 1500 m. Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.<\/td>\nHindi: Kamraj; Mar.: Bendri, Bendervel, Ghorvel; Tarn.: Kattuthiratcha<\/td>\nSterols, Quinones, and<\/p>\n

          Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and<\/p>\n

          flavonoids<\/td>\n

          		<\/td>\n<\/td>\nSlender, far climbing shrub<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          4.<\/td>\nCissus amplexicaulis<\/em><\/td>\nThailand<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\nSlender climber<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          5.<\/td>\nCissus aristata <\/em><\/td>\nhilly<\/p>\n

          regions of Mangad, Thrissur Kerala, India<\/td>\n

          		<\/td>\nalkaloids, tannins<\/p>\n

          (condensed), flavanoids, phytosterols, triterpenoid, lactones, volatile<\/p>\n

          oil and saponin.<\/td>\n

          		antibacterial activity on Klebsiella pneumoniae and<\/p>\n

          Staphylococcus aureus.<\/td>\n

          		dried root and stem<\/td>\nScandent shrub<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          6.<\/td>\nCissus arnottiana<\/em><\/td>\nPeriyar Palkalai Nagar,<\/p>\n

          Salem ,Tamil Nadu, India<\/td>\n

          		\u201cNanaminukki\u201d in Tamil and \u201cNelagummadi\u201d in Telugu<\/td>\n(Eugenol, Phenol, 4-(ethoxymethyl)-2-<\/p>\n

          methoxy, 3, 5-Cyclohexadiene-1, 2-dione, 3, 5-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl), Diisooctyl phthalate)<\/td>\n

          		antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory,<\/p>\n

          antiarthritic, antiasthma, diuretic,<\/p>\n

          hepatoprotective and antioxidant, protection against chronic diseases, anti-viral activity.<\/td>\n

          		Stem,root<\/td>\nerect woody tree ,erect shrubs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          7.<\/td>\nC. Assamica<\/em><\/td>\nchina, india, cambodia, bhutan, nepal,<\/p>\n

          thailand<\/td>\n

          		<\/td>\nlupeol, n-hexacosinc acid,<\/p>\n

          isolariciesinol-9-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, dauco stenin,<\/p>\n

          3,3\u2019-dimethyl ellagic acid, b sitosterol and bergenin<\/td>\n

          		anti-snake venom<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          8.<\/td>\nCissus austroyunnanensis<\/em><\/td>\ntropical<\/p>\n

          regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia<\/td>\n

          		<\/td>\nSterols, Quinones, and<\/p>\n

          Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and<\/p>\n

          flavonoids<\/td>\n

          		<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          9.<\/td>\n\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

          Cissus cornifolia baker (planch)<\/em><\/td>\n

          		Kufenia,<\/p>\n

          Zaria,Arica ,Zimbabwe<\/td>\n

          		splanch and\u00a0riigarbirri<\/td>\n <\/p>\n

          Saponin, flavonide,glycoside,alkaloid,<\/p>\n

          hydroquinone, resorcinol, vanillin and n – hexanoic<\/td>\n

          		Anti- inflammatory, diabetes,\u00a0gonorrhea<\/a>, sedative malaria, septic tonsils, and\u00a0pharyngitis<\/a>, central nervous system depressants<\/p>\n

          and sedative<\/td>\n

          		leaf and root<\/td>\nsemi-scandent woody shrub<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          10.<\/td>\nCissus discolor<\/em><\/td>\ntropical<\/p>\n

          regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia<\/td>\n

          		\u201cSangharhmai\u201d<\/td>\nSterols, Quinones, and<\/p>\n

          Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and<\/p>\n

          flavonoids<\/td>\n

          		treat stomach troubles and is also applied to<\/p>\n

          itching sores<\/td>\n

          		leaves<\/td>\nCreeping or climbing shrubs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          11.<\/td>\nC. Debilis<\/em><\/td>\nCameroon<\/td>\n<\/td>\nSterols, Quinones, and<\/p>\n

          Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and<\/p>\n

          flavonoids<\/td>\n

          		antiproliferative<\/p>\n

          activity on human CaCo-2 cells<\/td>\n

          		<\/td>\nslender climber<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          12.<\/td>\nCissus elongata<\/em><\/td>\nGoa, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala in India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia<\/td>\nTalbot<\/td>\nSterols, Quinones, and<\/p>\n

          Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and<\/p>\n

          Flavonoids, Tannins, Terpenoids<\/td>\n

          		skin and nerve diseases, gastrointestinal<\/p>\n

          abnormalities, infections, cardiac ailments, antipoisonous<\/td>\n

          		tubers<\/td>\nvery large glabrous climber<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          13.<\/td>\nC. Hamaderohensis<\/em><\/td>\nYemen, West Asia<\/td>\n<\/td>\nSterols, Quinones, and<\/p>\n

          Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and<\/p>\n

          flavonoids<\/td>\n

          		inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE),<\/p>\n

          neutral endopeptidase (NGP) and aminopeptidase N<\/p>\n

          (APN) ,anti-viral, anti ace, ngp and apn<\/td>\n

          		<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          14<\/td>\nCissus hexangularis<\/em><\/td>\ntropical<\/p>\n

          regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia<\/td>\n

          		<\/td>\nSterols, Quinones, and<\/p>\n

          Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and<\/p>\n

          flavonoids<\/td>\n

          		<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          15<\/td>\nC. Hypoglauca <\/em><\/td>\naustralia<\/td>\njungle grape, water vine, five leaf water vine<\/td>\nSterols, Quinones, and<\/p>\n

          Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and<\/p>\n

          flavonoids<\/td>\n

          		sore-throat<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          16.<\/td>\nC. Ibuensis hook <\/em><\/td>\nNigeria (africa)<\/td>\n<\/td>\nFlavonoids, Kaempferol, Quercitin ,Stilbenes, triterpenoids and steroids<\/td>\nrheumatism, arthritis, gastrointestinal disturbance<\/td>\nLeaves, stem,fruit<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          17.<\/td>\nCissus incisa<\/em><\/a><\/td>\nnorthern mexico<\/td>\n\u00a0ivy\u00a0treebine, marine ivy, or grape ivy<\/td>\nfatty acyls, sphingolipids, sterols, glycerolipids, prenol lipids, and terpenes<\/td>\nantimicrobial<\/a>,\u00a0cytotoxic<\/a> skin infections, abscesses and tumors<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          18.<\/td>\nCissuss icyoides<\/em><\/td>\nNigeria<\/td>\nCipopuca, Bejuco de porra, Bejucocaro,<\/p>\n

          Puci, and Aniltrepador<\/td>\n

          		flavonoids, Linalool, and \u03b1-tocopherol, coumarin glycoside 5,6,7,8-<\/p>\n

          tetrahydroxycoumarin- 5\u03b2 – xylopyranoside which<\/p>\n

          was obtained together with known<\/p>\n

          coumarinsabandin, two flavonoids kaempferol 3-<\/p>\n

          rhamnoside and quercetin 3- rhamnoside, and two<\/p>\n

          steroids, itosterol and 3\u03b2-O-\u03b2-dglucopyranosylsitosterol<\/td>\n

          		anti-inflammatory Anti \u2013Diabetic,<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          19.<\/td>\nCissus kerrii<\/em><\/td>\ntropical<\/p>\n

          regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia<\/td>\n

          		<\/td>\nSterols, Quinones, and<\/p>\n

          Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and<\/p>\n

          flavonoids<\/td>\n

          		<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          20<\/td>\nCissus javana<\/em><\/td>\ntropical<\/p>\n

          regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia<\/td>\n

          		<\/td>\nSterols, Quinones, and<\/p>\n

          Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and<\/p>\n

          flavonoids<\/td>\n

          		<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          21.<\/td>\nVitis latifolia<\/em><\/td>\ntropical<\/p>\n

          regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia<\/td>\n

          		Panibel;<\/td>\nSterols, Quinones, and<\/p>\n

          Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and<\/p>\n

          flavonoids<\/td>\n

          		<\/td>\n<\/td>\nclimbing shrubs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          22<\/td>\nCissus lageniflora Gilg<\/em><\/td>\nObio\/Akpor Local<\/p>\n

          Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria<\/td>\n

          		<\/td>\nPhenols, Alkaloids, Aglycone Glycosides, Cardiac Glycosides, Steroidal Aglycone Glycosides<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          23<\/td>\nCissus luzoniensis<\/em><\/td>\ntropical<\/p>\n

          regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia<\/td>\n

          		<\/td>\nSterols, Quinones, and<\/p>\n

          Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and<\/p>\n

          flavonoids<\/td>\n

          		<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          24.<\/td>\nC. Populnea<\/em><\/td>\nnigeria (africa), Brazil and the Caribbean<\/td>\nfood gum, ager, okoho , Ager<\/td>\nphenolic content<\/td>\nincrease proliferation of sertoli cells, antibacterial<\/td>\nLeaves, stem and root, bark<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          25.<\/td>\nCissus petiolata(Cissus pallid)<\/em><\/td>\nObio\/Akpor Local<\/p>\n

          Govern, Nallamalla forest of Kurnool district, Telangana, India ment Area of Rivers State, Nigeria<\/td>\n

          		In tamil Nanaminukki,in Irula-Malangikodi.<\/td>\nPhenols, Alkaloids, Aglycone Glycosides, Cardiac Glycosides, Steroidal Aglycone Glycosides, , flavonoids -Gallic acid and Quercetin, .<\/td>\nanticancer activity, antioxidant action, protective effect on the haemopoietic system<\/td>\nstem & roots<\/td>\nClimbing shrub<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          26<\/td>\nCissus polyantha<\/em><\/td>\nTurunku, Igabi<\/p>\n

          Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Nigeria<\/td>\n

          		<\/td>\ncarbohydrates,<\/p>\n

          flavonoids, saponins, tannins steroids and triterpenes.<\/td>\n

          		conjunctivitis and<\/p>\n

          inflammation.<\/td>\n

          		root<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          27<\/td>\nCissus pteroclada<\/em><\/td>\ntropical<\/p>\n

          regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia<\/td>\n

          		<\/td>\nb-sitosterol, bergenin,<\/p>\n

          11-O-galloylbergenin, 11-O-(4-hydroxy benzoyl)<\/p>\n

          bergenin, gallic acid and daucosterol<\/p>\n

          The leaves of C. ibuensis contained Quercetin 3-O<\/p>\n

          and flavanoid<\/td>\n

          		<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          28.<\/td>\nC. Quadrangularis <\/em><\/td>\nsri lanka (asia) india, Nigeria<\/td>\nveldt grape ,climbing cactus, cactus vine, Edible stemmed<\/p>\n

          Vine<\/td>\n

          		alkaloids, steroids, tannins, saponins,<\/p>\n

          phytoestrogen steroids, cardio glycosides and<\/p>\n

          terpenoids. Flavanoids ,<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

          carotenoids,<\/p>\n

          steroids, calcium ,flavonoids Beta-sitosterol<\/p>\n

          and luteolin8<\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

           <\/p>\n

          , Triterpenoids, lead, iron, potassium, zinc, calcium, sodium,<\/p>\n

          cadmium, copper and magnesium, parthenocissus, resveratrol, piceatannol,<\/p>\n

          pallidol, alicyclic lipids, calcium, phosphorous and<\/p>\n

          phytoestrogenic steroids<\/td>\n

          		fracture healing, increases bone strength,<\/p>\n

          protects bone from postmenopausal bone loss, Anti-ulcer activity Anxiolytic, antipyretic and antidiabetic properties Antibacterial activity Women health and osteoporosis Anti-inflammation Antioxidant<\/td>\n

          		Stem,leaves,root<\/td>\na moderate grower. It flourishes in sun or light shade in a warm tropical climate<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          29.<\/td>\nCissus repens <\/em><\/td>\nSouthern<\/p>\n

          China, Philippines, Malaysia, and Taiwan<\/td>\n

          		<\/td>\nStilbene C glucosides<\/td>\nsnake bites, rheumatic pain nephritis, long-term coughs, and diarrhea ,hepatoprotective<\/td>\nroots and stems,leaf<\/td>\nperennial climber<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          30.<\/td>\nCissus repanda<\/em><\/td>\nKuman to Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura, Assam, Bihar, Orissa,<\/p>\n

          Madhya Pradesh, and Western Ghats<\/td>\n

          		\u201cPanivel\u201d<\/td>\n<\/td>\nhpatoprotective<\/td>\nleaf<\/td>\nlarge climber<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          31.<\/td>\nC. Rotundifolia<\/em><\/td>\nafrica, south America,Endau hill, Kitui County, Kenya<\/td>\nArabian wax Cissus, Peruvian grape Ivy<\/td>\nSterols, Quinones, and<\/p>\n

          Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and<\/p>\n

          flavonoids<\/td>\n

          		Anti-parasitic ,diabetic<\/td>\nLeaves,stem,root<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          32.<\/td>\nC. Rubiginosa <\/em><\/td>\ncongo<\/td>\n<\/td>\nSterols, Quinones, and<\/p>\n

          Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and<\/p>\n

          flavonoids<\/td>\n

          		anti dysentery, anti diarrhoea<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          33.<\/td>\nVitis rugosa<\/em><\/td>\nIndia : Himalaya, from Garhwal eastwards and Khasia Hills, between 1200-2500 m. Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh and Meghalaya. Nepal and Myanmar<\/td>\n<\/td>\nSterols, Quinones, and<\/p>\n

          Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and<\/p>\n

          flavonoids<\/td>\n

          		<\/td>\n<\/td>\nClimbing or scrambling shrubs<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          34<\/td>\nC. Sicyoides <\/em><\/td>\nbrazil (south america)<\/td>\nprincess vine, curtain ivy, millionaire vine<\/td>\nFlavanoids, linalool and a-<\/p>\n

          Tocopherol, carotenoids and phenolic compounds (resveratrol, coumarins, and tannins)<\/td>\n

          		anti-diabetic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, anxiolyte, stroke, abscesses, arthritis<\/td>\n\u00a0leaf<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          34<\/td>\nCissus subtetragona<\/em><\/td>\n\u00a0Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan,(Laos, Vietnam) China<\/td>\nsi leng ,bai fen teng<\/td>\nFlavonoid- kaempferol, genistin, and apigenin)<\/td>\nanti-inflammatory effects, gastritis, acute lung injury<\/td>\naerial parts- dried branch with leaves<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          36<\/td>\nCissu sverticillata<\/em><\/td>\ntropical<\/p>\n

          regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia<\/td>\n

          		<\/td>\nterpenoids<\/td>\ndecrease blood sugar level<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          37.<\/td>\nC. Triloba<\/em><\/td>\ntropical<\/p>\n

          regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia<\/td>\n

          		<\/td>\nSterols, Quinones, and<\/p>\n

          Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and<\/p>\n

          flavonoids<\/td>\n

          		<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          38<\/td>\nCissus trifoliata<\/em><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\nalcohols, alkanes, esters, fatty acids, terpenes and phenolic compounds<\/td>\ne management of infectious diseases and tumors,<\/td>\nstems<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          39.<\/td>\nC. Verticillata <\/em><\/td>\ntrinidad and tobago (carribean)<\/td>\n<\/td>\nSterols, Quinones, and<\/p>\n

          Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and<\/p>\n

          flavonoids quercetin<\/td>\n

          		anti-cholesterol, anti-diabetic, antioxidant activity, \u00a0action to teeth and gums<\/td>\n\u00a0Root, sole bark<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          40.<\/td>\nCissus vitiginea L.<\/em><\/td>\nsouth India and Sri Lanka<\/td>\nsouth indian treebine<\/td>\nalkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, glycosides, coumarin, tannins, sugar, proteins<\/td>\ncure wounds, diabetes, cardiovascular illness, cancers, particularly bone diseases and arthritis<\/td>\nleaves and stem<\/td>\nwoody Climber<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          41.<\/td>\nCissus wenshanensis<\/em><\/td>\ntropical<\/p>\n

          regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia<\/td>\n

          		<\/td>\nSterols, Quinones, and<\/p>\n

          Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and<\/p>\n

          flavonoids<\/td>\n

          		<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          42.<\/td>\nCissus woodroii<\/em><\/td>\nGirnool, \u2018Woodrow\u2019s grape tree\u2019.<\/td>\nKolhapur, Mumbai, Nasik, Pune, Raigad, Ratnagiri,<\/p>\n

          Satara, Sindhudurg,Thane,Andhra India.<\/td>\n

          		phenolic, and flavonoid content<\/td>\nantioxidant activities,nutraceutical, The roots were made into a powder and applied to cut wounds where puss had formed<\/td>\nFruit,leaves, roots<\/td>\nWoody shrub<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. PHYTOCHEMISTRY-<\/strong>( Rupali M. Kolap et.al.,2022, Rupali Mukesh Kolap et al .,2020)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            The moisture, ash, and crude fiber content of C. woodrowii <\/em>fruits were 13.71%, 23.88%, and 21.15 g\/100 g DW, respectively. In C. woodrowii <\/em>fruits, fat, protein, and carbohydrates contents were 2.71 g\/100 g DW, 5.78 g\/100 g DW, and 15.23 g\/100 g DW, respectively.Based on this analysis, the oxidizable energy of the C. woodrowii <\/em>fruits was 706.54 kJ\/100 g DW or 168.86 kcal\/100 g DW. Presence of sodium (37.23 mg\/100 g DW), potassium (71.9 mg\/ 100 g DW), calcium (78.29 mg\/100 g DW), magnesium (118.77 mg\/ 100 g DW), and phosphorus (30.45 mg\/100 g DW) was recorded in C<\/em>. woodrowii <\/em>fruits .<\/p>\n

            Higher phenolic and flavonoid contents in the methanolic extract of C. woodrowii.<\/em> LC-HRMS analysis has revealed 20 phenolic compounds in the leaves of C.<\/em> woodrowii .<\/em> Profiling of phenolic compounds in methanolic leaves extracts of C. woodrowii <\/em>by LCHR-MS on (a) positive like Rutin, Quercitrin, Cosmosiin, Dihydrorobinetin, Hesperetin and (b) negative mode like <\/em>Catechin, Rutin, Gallic acid, Diosmetin, Phloridzin, Ellagic acid, Rhoifolin, Cosmosiin, Epicatechin, Centaurein, Norstictic acid pentaacetate, Quercitrin, Naringenin-7-o-glucoside, Dihydroquercetin, Lomatin, Cosmosiin hexaacetate, Dihydrorobinetin, Hesperetin, Embelin, Harderoporphyrin, Rhoifolin<\/p>\n

            5.PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES<\/strong>–<\/strong>( Rupali M. Kolap et.al.,2022, Rupali Mukesh Kolap et al .,2020)<\/p>\n

             <\/p>\n

            Nutritional value-<\/strong><\/p>\n

            Clinical trials have shown that the intake of macro-mineralsfrom fruit helps to reduce the chances of non-communicable diseases.<\/p>\n

            Antioxidant activity-<\/strong><\/p>\n

            20 phenolic compounds in the leaves of C.woodrowii <\/em>which might play an important role in the<\/p>\n

            antioxidant activity.<\/p>\n

            6.TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL\u00a0 USES\/ETHANOBOTANICAL USES<\/strong>–<\/p>\n

            From survey of local regeion of distribution of C.woodrowii<\/em> in Kolhapur district found that the root ofplant is used for treatment of tumor in veterinary practice.<\/p>\n

            7.CONCLUSION- <\/strong><\/p>\n

            C.woodrowii<\/em>\u00a0 has been claimed for a antioxidant activity,nutritional value and number of ethanobotanical uses or traditional medicinal uses. The phytoconstituents presented in this review could help researchers to explore the plant at next extent. Emphasis should be laid on the novel methods of propagation of this plant and further exploration in drug research. By considering majority of species in Cissus<\/em> shows activity on bone fracture healings,dibetis,hepatoprotective,antibacterial activity, Anti-Ulcer Activity ,obesity, gastrointestinal tract(Gabriel Fernandes et al 2012) and the medicinal values and other uses of C.woodrowii<\/em> so there is future scope for research on C.woodrowii.<\/em> therefore\u00a0 conservation of this plant is also recommended.<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS –<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              Authors are grateful to the Suresh Gyan Vihar Univrsity, Jaipur, India, Principal Dr.Shitalkumar S.Patil\u00a0 providing support to their work..<\/p>\n

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              34.\u00a0 Rajesh kumar S, Soumya Menon, Venkat Kumar S, et.al., Anti-inflammatory and Antimicrobial Potential of Cissus quadrangularis<\/em>-Assisted Copper Oxide Nanoparticles; Hindawi Journal of Nanomaterials Volume 2021; Article ID 5742981: 1-11.<\/p>\n

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              36.\u00a0 Rupali M.Kolap, Prachi S. Kakade Ganesh D. Mankar Rajkumar B, Barmukh Rajesh N. GaccheSaurabhaB.Zimare,Bioprospection of underutilized wild Cissus woodrowii <\/em>fruits for nutritional value and characterization of green-extracted antioxidant phenolic compounds,Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants ;Volume 29, May 2022, 100379.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
              37.\u00a0 Rupali Mukesh Kolap, Akshay Bharat Gulave and Saurabha Bhimrao Zimare, Bioprospecting of the underutilized endemic taxon Cissus woodrowii <\/em>(Stapf ex Cooke) Santapau for its antioxidant activity and phenolic profiling, Indian Journal of Natural Products and Resources; Vol. 11(4); 2020: 250-259.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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              43.\u00a0 Sudha Parimala and A Tamil Selvan, Anticancer and Antioxidant activity of Cissus pallida and Cissus vitegenia, Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2017; 6(4): 1521-1526.<\/p>\n

              44.\u00a0 Sujata Tetali* and S.P. Karkamkar, Cayratia sps. of family Vitaceae for utilization in grape improvement programme, International Journal of Minor Fruits, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Vol. 2 No. 2, 2016.<\/p>\n

              45.\u00a0 Tasadduq R, Gordon J, Ghanim KA, Lian J B, Van Wijnen A J, et al., Ethanol extract of Cissus quadrangularis <\/em>enhances osteoblast differentiation and mineralization of murine preosteoblastic MC3T3 E1 cells, J Cell Physiol, 2017, 232(3), 540-547.<\/p>\n

              46.\u00a0 Selvi P* and Murugesh S, identification of phytoconstituents from the methanolic extracts of Cissus arnottiana using gc-ms analysis, IJBPAS, February, 2017, 6(2): 253-262.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

               <\/p>\n

              47.\u00a0 Tetali,et al. (2000):Endemic Plants of India (A status report of Maharashtra State). Naoroji Godrej Centre for Plant Research, Shirwal.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

              48.\u00a0 World Health Organization WHO Global Report on Traditional and Complementary Medicine, World Health Organization, 2019. https:\/\/apps.who.int\/ iris\/handle\/10665\/312342.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

               <\/p>\n

               <\/p>\n

               <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

              A Review on study of underutilized plant Cissus Woodroii (Stapf ex Cooke) and genus Cissus. Mrs. Pallavi Nemgonda Patil* 1, Dr. Santosh K.Sing2, Dr. Kiran A.Wadkar3   1, 2.Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajastan India. 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