{"id":425,"date":"2018-12-03T04:42:24","date_gmt":"2018-12-03T04:42:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.gyanvihar.org\/journals\/?p=425"},"modified":"2019-06-12T06:04:40","modified_gmt":"2019-06-12T06:04:40","slug":"phytochemical-evaluation-of-prosopis-cineraria-curcum-a-amada-and-citrullus-colocynthis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gyanvihar.org\/journals\/phytochemical-evaluation-of-prosopis-cineraria-curcum-a-amada-and-citrullus-colocynthis\/","title":{"rendered":"PHYTOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF PROSOPIS CINERARIA, CURCUM A AMADA AND CITRULLUS COLOCYNTHIS"},"content":{"rendered":"

pp<\/strong>. 42-49<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Lokesh Kumar Soni1, Pradeep Parasher2 \u00a0and M.P. Dobhal*3<\/span><\/h2>\n

1 Natural Products Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.<\/span><\/p>\n

2 \u00a0Department of Chemistry, Govt. P.G. College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India.<\/span><\/p>\n

3 Suresh Gyan Vihar University,Jaipur-302017, Rajasthan, India.<\/span><\/p>\n

*Corresponding author Email: mpdobhal@yahoo.co.in, <\/a>lsoni492@gmail.com<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

ABSTRACT<\/span><\/h1>\n

Natural products are the basis \u00a0of\u00a0 synthetic \u00a0and traditional herbal medicine. \u00a0Phytochemicals \u00a0are compounds that present in plants.\u00a0 There are hundreds of significant drugs and biologically active compounds developed from \u00a0the\u00a0 \u00a0traditional\u00a0 \u00a0medicinal\u00a0 \u00a0plants.\u00a0 \u00a0The\u00a0 \u00a0present\u00a0 \u00a0study\u00a0 \u00a0was\u00a0 \u00a0aimed\u00a0 \u00a0to\u00a0 \u00a0investigate\u00a0 \u00a0the phytochemical screening of Prosopis cineraria\u2019 <\/em>bark, C<\/em>u<\/em>r<\/em>c<\/em>u<\/em>m<\/em>a amada\u2019 <\/em>rhizomes, <\/em>and C<\/em>i<\/em>t<\/em>r<\/em>u<\/em>ll<\/em>u<\/em>s colocynthis\u2019s <\/em>fruits hull. The result of the qualitative phytochemical constituents of \u00a0these \u00a0plants \u00a0extracts showed presence of all the tested phytochemicals alkaloids, terpenoids, \u00a0flavonoids, \u00a0carbohydrates \u00a0and saponins. Thus, the results \u00a0suggests, \u00a0the \u00a0beneficial \u00a0role \u00a0of \u00a0their \u00a0plant \u00a0parts \u00a0and \u00a0supports \u00a0their \u00a0traditional uses \u00a0and \u00a0proved \u00a0to \u00a0be \u00a0useful \u00a0for pharmacological properties. \u00a0The\u00a0 \u00a0phytochemical\u00a0 \u00a0analysis\u00a0 \u00a0of\u00a0 \u00a0the plants is very significant commercially and has \u00a0great \u00a0interest \u00a0in \u00a0pharmaceutical \u00a0companies \u00a0for \u00a0the production of the new drugs for curing of various \u00a0diseases.<\/span><\/p>\n

Keywords:\u00a0 \u00a0Phytochemicals,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 medicinal\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 plants,\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Prosopis\u00a0 \u00a0cineraria<\/em>,\u00a0 \u00a0Curcuma\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0amada,\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Citrullus colocynth.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

INTRODUCTION<\/span><\/h1>\n

The medicinal plants are useful for \u00a0healing \u00a0as well as for curing of human diseases due to the presence of bioactive\u00a0 phytochemicals (Nostro et al. 2000). Phytochemicals \u00a0are \u00a0naturally\u00a0 occurring in the medicinal\u00a0 plants, leaves, vegetables and roots\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0that\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0have\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0defense\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0mechanism\u00a0 \u00a0in pl a nt s a nd a r e \u00a0a l s o \u00a0r e s pons i bl e \u00a0f or th e tr e a tm e n t of various diseases due to presence \u00a0of\u00a0 metabolites.. \u00a0Chlorophyll, \u00a0proteins and common sugars are primary metabolites terpenoid,\u00a0 \u00a0alkaloids\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0and\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0phenolic \u00a0compounds\u00a0<\/span>are known as secondary metabolites \u00a0(Krishnaiah\u00a0<\/span>et al. 2007). Prosopis cineraria <\/em>(L.) belongs \u00a0to the cosmopolitan \u00a0genus Prosopis<\/em>, subfamily\u00a0<\/span>Mimosaceae, tribe Leguminosae\/ Fabaceae (Rasanen & Lindstrom 2003) and it has common names such as Janti and Chonksa (Delhi), Jhind, Jhand and Jand (Punjab and Haryana), Banni (Karnataka), Sumri (Gujarat), Kandi (Sindh) and Khejri \u00a0(Sanskrit). \u00a0It\u00a0 \u00a0is\u00a0 \u00a0conjointly\u00a0 \u00a0referred\u00a0 \u00a0to as the \u00a0\u2018wonder \u00a0tree\u2019 \u00a0and \u00a0therefore \u00a0as \u00a0the \u2018king\u00a0 \u00a0of \u00a0desert\u2019(Bari\u00a0 \u00a0e<\/em>t\u00a0 \u00a0al.\u00a0 \u00a0<\/em>2007;\u00a0 \u00a0Gupta\u00a0 \u00a0&\u00a0<\/span>Prakash\u00a0 \u00a01975;\u00a0 \u00a0Kaul \u00a01967;\u00a0 \u00a0Burdak \u00a01982).\u00a0 \u00a0Its\u00a0<\/span>flower is powdered and mixed with \u00a0sugar \u00a0and used throughout maternity as safeguard against miscarriage. The bark of Prosopis cineraria \u00a0<\/em>is dry, acrid, \u00a0bitter \u00a0with \u00a0a \u00a0taste; \u00a0cooling anthelmintic, tonic, cures infectious disease, dysentery, bronchitis, asthma, leucoderma, piles, tremors of the muscles (Kirtikar & \u00a0Basu 1984). The bark is employed in rheumatism, cough and colds, diarrhea, worm infestations etc.(Sharma 1993). The bark of the plant offers immediate relief against snake or a scorpion bite (Chopra e<\/em>t al. <\/em>1956).<\/span><\/p>\n

C<\/em>u<\/em>r<\/em>c<\/em>u<\/em>m<\/em>a amada <\/em>Roxb. is commonly known as mango ginger. It is a perennial, rhizomatous , aromatic herb belonging to the family Zingiberaceae. Additional health benefits of C.<\/em> a<\/em>m<\/em>ad<\/em>a <\/em>rhizome \u00a0reported \u00a0were \u00a0biliousness, itching, skin diseases, asthma and \u00a0inflammation due to injuries. \u00a0According \u00a0to the Unani systems of medicine, it is a \u00a0diuretic,\u00a0\u00a0 emollient, expectorant, antipyretic and appetizer. The ability of C<\/em>. amada <\/em>rhizome\u2019s \u00a0against \u00a0inflammation \u00a0in the mouth and ear, gleet, \u00a0ulcers \u00a0on \u00a0the \u00a0male sex organs, \u00a0scabies, \u00a0lumbago \u00a0and \u00a0stomatitis have \u00a0been \u00a0reported\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0(Kirtikar \u00a0and \u00a0Basu 1984; Warrier et al. 1994; Hussain et al. 1992). Mango ginger has a typical unusual \u00a0flavour \u00a0of raw unripe mango. Therefore, it is used as \u00a0a basic ingredient in pickles, candies, sauces and curries. (Elsayed 2016; Shankaracharya 1982). C<\/em>i<\/em>t<\/em>r<\/em>u<\/em>ll<\/em>u<\/em>s colocynthis <\/em>is a perennial herbaceous vine, belongs to the family Cucurbitaceae (Dane and \u00a0Liu \u00a02007). \u00a0The \u00a0C<\/em>i<\/em>t<\/em>r<\/em>u<\/em>ll<\/em>u<\/em>s \u00a0colocynthi<\/em>s \u00a0is well known for its \u00a0therapeutic \u00a0activity \u00a0in folklore. The fruits and pulp \u00a0of \u00a0this \u00a0plant are. well known natural cathartics \u00a0since \u00a0ancient times. \u00a0The \u00a0fruit is pungent, cooling\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0purgative,\u00a0<\/span>anthelmintic,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0antipyretic\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0carminative.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0It\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0is\u00a0<\/span>beneficial\u00a0 \u00a0in\u00a0 \u00a0treatment\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0of\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0tumor, leucoderma, ulcer, asthma, bronchitis, urinary troubles, enlargement of spleen, tuberculosis, dyspepsia, constipation, anemia\u2019s and throat diseases. The leaves of this herb are used to treat asthma and jaundice, whereas the roots are used traditionally for the treatment for amenorrhea, breast infla mmation, arthralgias, seizures, tuberculosis, syphilis, and parasitic infections and ophthalmic diseases. (Blaskovich et al. 2003). C. c<\/em>o<\/em>l<\/em>o<\/em>cy<\/em>n<\/em>t<\/em>h<\/em>i<\/em>s <\/em>is used as an antidiabetic agent in developing \u00a0countries \u00a0(Errajraji \u00a0et \u00a0al. \u00a02010; Ziyyat \u00a0et \u00a0al.\u00a0\u00a0 1997).\u00a0 \u00a0In \u00a0the \u00a0present \u00a0study three different \u00a0medicinal \u00a0plants \u00a0each \u00a0belonging to different families were evaluated for the presence of various class of \u00a0phytochemicals.<\/span><\/p>\n

MATERIAL AND METHODS<\/span><\/h1>\n

P<\/strong>l<\/strong>ant Material<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

The fresh rhizomes of C<\/em>u<\/em>r<\/em>c<\/em>u<\/em>m<\/em>a amada <\/em>were procured from local market , Jaipur, Rajasthan. Bark of Prosopis cineraria <\/em>and \u00a0fruits \u00a0of C<\/em>i<\/em>t<\/em>r<\/em>u<\/em>ll<\/em>u<\/em>s colocynthis <\/em>were collected locally and authenticated by Prof. N.J. Sarana Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, \u00a0Jaipur, Rajasthan, \u00a0India.<\/span><\/p>\n

Preparation of crude plant extract<\/span><\/h1>\n

Shade dried plant materials (100 gm) were powdered \u00a0and \u00a0extracted \u00a0with \u00a0ethanol separately. \u00a0Each extraction \u00a0step was completed in 48 hours. The extracts were filtered hot and solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The concentrated extracts were dried under vaccuo.<\/span><\/p>\n

PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS<\/span><\/h1>\n

The test samples (plant extracts) were subjected to phytochemical analysis in order to find out the\u00a0<\/span>presence of various class of compounds. The colour \u00a0reactions \u00a0were \u00a0employed \u00a0for\u00a0 \u00a0the detection \u00a0of \u00a0alkaloids, \u00a0tannins, \u00a0cardiac glycosides, saponins, flavonoids \u00a0and \u00a0terpenoids etc. (Uthayarasa et al. 2010; Trease and Evans 1989; Harborne 1973; \u00a0Sofowara \u00a01993).<\/span><\/p>\n

TEST FOR ALKALOIDS<\/span><\/h1>\n

Ethanolic extracts were dissolved individually in dilute hydrochloric acid in te s t \u00a0tu b e s \u00a0a n d filtered.\u00a0<\/span>W<\/strong>a<\/strong>g<\/strong>n<\/strong>er\u2019s test<\/strong>: Filtrates were treated with Wagner\u2019s reagent (iodine in potassium iodide). A brown\/reddish precipitate formed indicates the presence \u00a0of alkaloids.<\/span><\/p>\n

M<\/strong>a<\/strong>y<\/strong>er\u2019s test: <\/strong>Filtrates were treated with Mayer\u2019s reagent (potassium mercuric iodide). Formation of a yellow precipitate indicates the presence \u00a0of alkaloids.<\/span><\/p>\n

D<\/strong>r<\/strong>a<\/strong>g<\/strong>e ndroff \u00a0test:\u00a0 \u00a0<\/strong>Filtrates\u00a0 \u00a0were\u00a0 \u00a0treated with Dragendorff\u2019s \u00a0reagent \u00a0(solution \u00a0of potassium bismuth iodide). Formation of a red precipitate \u00a0indicates the presence of alkaloids.<\/span><\/p>\n

H<\/strong>a<\/strong>g<\/strong>er\u2019s test: <\/strong>Filtrates were treated with Hager\u2019s reagent (saturated picric acid solution). Formation of yellow \u00a0colour \u00a0indicates\u00a0\u00a0 the presence \u00a0of alkaloids.<\/span><\/p>\n

TEST FOR TANNINS<\/span><\/h1>\n

L<\/strong>ead test: <\/strong>Extracts were dissolved in distilled water in separate test tubes and \u00a0filtered. \u00a0The filtrate was treated with 3-4 drops of ferric chloride solution, development of blue or green coloration \u00a0indicated the presence of tannins.<\/span><\/p>\n

TEST FOR FLAVONOIDS<\/span><\/h1>\n

A<\/strong>l<\/strong>k<\/strong>a<\/strong>li<\/strong>n<\/strong>e reagent test: <\/strong>Extracts were treated with \u00a0a \u00a0few \u00a0drops \u00a0of \u00a0sodium \u00a0hydroxide \u00a0solution.\u00a0<\/span>Formation of intense yellow colour, which becomes \u00a0colorless \u00a0on \u00a0the \u00a0addition \u00a0of\u00a0\u00a0 dilute acid, \u00a0indicates \u00a0the \u00a0presence \u00a0of flavonoids.<\/span><\/p>\n

L<\/strong>ead acetate \u00a0test: <\/strong>Extracts \u00a0were \u00a0treated with a few drops \u00a0of \u00a0lead acetate \u00a0solution. \u00a0Formation of a yellow color precipitate \u00a0indicates \u00a0the presence \u00a0of flavonoids.<\/span><\/p>\n

TEST FOR SAPONIN<\/span><\/h1>\n

Foam test: <\/strong>Extracts\u00a0 were \u00a0dissolved \u00a0with distilled water and shaken vigorously till a stable persistent froth was obtained. The \u00a0froth \u00a0was mixed with 3 drops of\u00a0 olive oil and shaken vigorously \u00a0and \u00a0then observed for emulsion.<\/span><\/p>\n

TEST FOR CARBOHYDRATES<\/span><\/h1>\n

Extracts were dissolved individually in \u00a05 \u00a0ml distilled water and filtered. The filtrates \u00a0were used to test the presence of carbohydrates.<\/span><\/p>\n

M<\/strong>o<\/strong>li<\/strong>sch\u2019s test<\/strong>: Filtrates were treated with 2 drops of alcoholic \u03b1-Naphthol solution in a \u00a0test tube. A violet ring observed at \u00a0the \u00a0junction indicates \u00a0the presence \u00a0of carbohydrates.<\/span><\/p>\n

Benedict\u2019s \u00a0test<\/strong>: Filtrates \u00a0were \u00a0treated \u00a0with\u00a0<\/span>Benedict\u2019s reagent (complex mixture of sodium carbonate,\u00a0<\/span>sodium citrate and copper \u00a0(II) \u00a0sulfate pentahydrate ) and heated gently. Orange red precipitate indicates the presence of reducing sugars.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fehling\u2019s test<\/strong>: Filtrates were hydrolyzed with dilute HCl, neutralized with alkali and heated with Fehling\u2019s A solution (aqueous \u00a0solution \u00a0of copper(II) sulfate) and Fehling\u2019s B solutions (aqueous potassium sodium tartrate with sodium hydroxide). Formation of \u00a0a \u00a0red \u00a0precipitate indicates the presence of reducing sugars.<\/span><\/p>\n

TEST FOR PHENOL<\/span><\/h1>\n

Ferric \u00a0chloride \u00a0test: \u00a0<\/strong>Extracts\u00a0 \u00a0were\u00a0 \u00a0treated with 3-4 drops of \u00a0ferric \u00a0chloride \u00a0solution. Formation of bluish black colour indicates the presence \u00a0of phenol.<\/span><\/p>\n

TEST\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 FOR\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 PROTEIN\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 AND\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 AMINO ACID<\/span><\/h1>\n

X<\/strong>a<\/strong>n<\/strong>thoprote in test: <\/strong>the extracts were treated with a few drops of conc. Nitric acid. Formation of yellow colour indicates \u00a0the \u00a0presence \u00a0of proteins.<\/span><\/p>\n

N<\/strong>i<\/strong>nh<\/strong>y<\/strong>d<\/strong>r<\/strong>i<\/strong>n Test: <\/strong>to the extract, 0.25% w\/v Ninhydrin reagent was added and boiled \u00a0for \u00a0a few minutes.Formation of blue- purpule color indicates \u00a0the presence of amino acid.<\/span><\/p>\n

B<\/strong>i<\/strong>u<\/strong>r<\/strong>et test: <\/strong>the extracts were \u00a0treated \u00a0with sodium hydroxide solution , 1% \u00a0CuSO4 \u00a0solution and warm the mixture for about 5 minutes. Bluish violet coloration indicates the\u00a0 presence \u00a0of proteins.<\/span><\/p>\n

TEST FOR GLYCOSIDES<\/span><\/h1>\n

Extracts were hydrolyzed with dilute \u00a0HCl, \u00a0and then subjected to test for glycosides.<\/span><\/p>\n

M<\/strong>o<\/strong>d<\/strong>i<\/strong>f<\/strong>i<\/strong>ed Borntrager\u2019s test: <\/strong>Extracts were treated \u00a0with \u00a0ferric \u00a0chloride \u00a0solution\u00a0 \u00a0and immersed in boiling water \u00a0for \u00a05 \u00a0min. \u00a0The mixture was cooled and extracted with equal volume of benzene. The organic layer was separated \u00a0and\u00a0 \u00a0treated\u00a0 \u00a0with\u00a0 \u00a0ammonia\u00a0 \u00a0solution. A \u00a0rose\u00a0 \u00a0pink\u00a0\u00a0 color\u00a0 \u00a0observed\u00a0 \u00a0in\u00a0 \u00a0the ammoniacal layer which indicates \u00a0the \u00a0presence of anthranol glycosides<\/span><\/p>\n

T<\/strong>est for cardiac glycosides : <\/strong>5 ml of each extract was treated with 2 ml of \u00a0glacial acetic acid, 4-5 drops of ferric \u00a0chloride\u00a0 solution and then 1ml of conc. sulphuric acid was added. A brown ring at the \u00a0junction of two \u00a0layers \u00a0indicated the \u00a0presence \u00a0of \u00a0cardenolides.<\/span><\/p>\n

TEST FOR FIXED OILS AND FATS<\/span><\/h1>\n

Sp<\/strong>o<\/strong>t tes: <\/strong>A small quantity of the extract was pressed between two filter \u00a0papers. \u00a0Oil stain \u00a0on the paper indicated the presence of fixed oil. Detection of gum and mucilage: Extract was mixed with 10 ml distilled water and 25 ml of alcohol with constant stirring. White or cloudy precipitate indicated the presence of gum and mucilage.<\/span><\/p>\n

TEST FOR PHYTO STEROLS\/ TERPENOIDS<\/span><\/h1>\n

L<\/strong>i<\/strong>ebermann Burchard\u2019s test: <\/strong>Extracts were treated with \u00a0chloroform \u00a0and \u00a0filtered. \u00a0The filtrated \u00a0were \u00a0treated \u00a0with \u00a0a \u00a0few \u00a0drops \u00a0of acetic anhydride, boiled \u00a0and\u00a0 cooled. \u00a0Conc. sulphuric acid was added. \u00a0The \u00a0formation \u00a0of brown ring at the junction of two liquids indicates the presence \u00a0of phytosterols.<\/span><\/p>\n

S<\/strong>alkowaski\u2019s \u00a0test: \u00a0<\/strong>Extracts \u00a0were\u00a0 \u00a0dissolved in chloroform and \u00a0concentrated \u00a0sulphuric \u00a0acid was added to it. \u00a0A \u00a0reddish \u00a0brown \u00a0discolouration at the interface showed \u00a0the \u00a0presence \u00a0of terpenoids .<\/span><\/p>\n

Ta<\/strong>b<\/strong>l<\/strong>e 1: Phytochemical \u00a0constituents \u00a0of three medicinal \u00a0plants \u00a0studied.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
S<\/strong>.N.<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nT<\/strong>e<\/strong>s ts<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\nProsopis<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

c<\/em><\/strong>i<\/em><\/strong>n<\/em><\/strong>e<\/em><\/strong>r<\/em><\/strong>a<\/em><\/strong>r<\/em><\/strong>i<\/em><\/strong>a<\/em><\/strong>\u2019<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n

C<\/em><\/strong>u<\/em><\/strong>r<\/em><\/strong>c<\/em><\/strong>u<\/em><\/strong>m<\/em><\/strong>a amada\u2019<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

r<\/strong>h<\/strong>i<\/strong>z<\/strong>o<\/strong>m<\/strong>e s<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n

C<\/em><\/strong>i<\/em><\/strong>t<\/em><\/strong>r<\/em><\/strong>u<\/em><\/strong>ll<\/em><\/strong>u<\/em><\/strong>s colocynthis\u2019s <\/em><\/strong>f<\/strong>r<\/strong>u<\/strong>i<\/strong>t<\/strong>s hull<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Alkaloids<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nMayer\u2019s test<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nWagner\u2019s<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nHager\u2019 tes t<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nDragendorff<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2019s<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

tes t<\/span><\/td>\n

+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Carbohydrates<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nMolis ch\u2019s test<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nFehling\u2019s tes t<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nBenedict\u2019s<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

tes t<\/span><\/td>\n

+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Flavonoids \u00a0tes t<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\nNaOH<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nLead acetate<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Saponins<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nFoam tes t<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n-ve<\/span><\/td>\n-ve<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Proteins<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nBiurett\u2019s tes t<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nNinhydrin\u2019s<\/span><\/p>\n

tes t<\/span><\/td>\n

+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n-ve<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Phytos terols \/Terpenoids<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nLieberman<\/span><\/p>\n

and Burchard<\/span><\/td>\n

+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nSalkows ki\u2019s<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

tes t<\/span><\/td>\n

+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n-ve<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Tannins and phenol<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nLead acetate<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n-ve<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nFerric<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

chloride tes t<\/span><\/td>\n

+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n-ve<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Glycos ides<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nBorntrager\u2019s<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

tes t<\/span><\/td>\n

+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nLegal\u2019s tes t<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n-ve<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Fixed oils<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\nSpot tes t<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/strong>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gums and Mucilage<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n+ve<\/span><\/td>\n-ve<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION<\/span><\/h1>\n

Phytochemical analysis of Prosopis cineraria<\/em>, Curcuma amada <\/em>and Citrullus colocynthis <\/em>plant extracts showed the presence of various constituents which \u00a0are \u00a0known \u00a0to exhibit medicinal as well as physiological activities \u00a0(Sofowara 1993)<\/strong>. Prosopis cineraria \u00a0<\/em>gives positive result for all constituents where as Curcuma amada <\/em>showed negative result \u00a0for \u00a0saponins \u00a0and \u00a0positive\u00a0 \u00a0for all other on the other hand Citrullus colocynthis <\/em>gave positive\u00a0 result for carbohydrates, alkaloids, flavonoids terpenoids etc.<\/span><\/p>\n

The phytoconstituents \u00a0i.e. \u00a0alkaloids and \u00a0flavonoids \u00a0are \u00a0active\u00a0 \u00a0principles of plants. These active principles provides defensive mechanism of the plants against different pathogens (Hafiza, 2000). The terpenoids have significant pharmacological activities, such as anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti- malarial, \u00a0anti-inflammatory,\u00a0 \u00a0inhibition of cholesterol synthesis and\u00a0\u00a0 anti- cancer activities (Mahato and Sen,1997). Saponins which are used to stop bleeding and in treating wounds and ulcers as it helps in red blood cell coagulation (Okwu and Josiah, 2006). Further studies will need to isolate and\u00a0<\/span>characterize the bioactive chemical entities of these plants.<\/span><\/p>\n

CO<\/strong>N<\/strong>C<\/strong>L<\/strong>U<\/strong>S<\/strong>I<\/strong>O<\/strong>N<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

presence\u00a0 \u00a0of\u00a0 \u00a0phytochemical\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0constituents in Prosopis cineraria\u2019 <\/em>bark, Curcuma amada\u2019 <\/em>rhizomes, <\/em>and Citrullus colocynthis\u2019s \u00a0<\/em>fruits \u00a0hull \u00a0extract \u00a0supports its traditional uses and may be utilized for different biological activities<\/span><\/p>\n

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT<\/span><\/h1>\n

The author (LKS) is grateful to UGC, New Delhi for granting the senior research fellowship.<\/span><\/h2>\n

R<\/strong>E<\/strong>F<\/strong>E<\/strong>R<\/strong>E<\/strong>N<\/strong>C<\/strong>E<\/strong>S<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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    pp. 42-49 Lokesh Kumar Soni1, Pradeep Parasher2 \u00a0and M.P. Dobhal*3 1 Natural Products Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India. 2 \u00a0Department of Chemistry, Govt. P.G. College, Jhalawar, Rajasthan, India. 3 Suresh Gyan Vihar University,Jaipur-302017, Rajasthan, India. *Corresponding author Email: mpdobhal@yahoo.co.in, lsoni492@gmail.com ABSTRACT Natural products are the basis \u00a0of\u00a0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,44],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-425","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-journal-of-environment-science-and-technology","category-volume-3-issue-2-2017-journal-of-environment-science-and-technology"],"yoast_head":"\nresearch journal - Research Journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Natural products are the basis of synthetic and traditional herbal medicine. Phytochemicals are compounds that present in plants. SGVU jaipur.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gyanvihar.org\/journals\/phytochemical-evaluation-of-prosopis-cineraria-curcum-a-amada-and-citrullus-colocynthis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Phytochemical Evaluation Of Prosopis Cineraria & Citrullus Colocynthis\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Natural products are the basis of synthetic and traditional herbal medicine. Phytochemicals are compounds that present in plants. 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