{"id":408,"date":"2018-12-03T05:37:54","date_gmt":"2018-12-03T05:37:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.gyanvihar.org\/journals\/?p=408"},"modified":"2019-05-21T07:24:28","modified_gmt":"2019-05-21T07:24:28","slug":"a-study-on-epiphytic-algae-growing-on-charophytes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gyanvihar.org\/journals\/a-study-on-epiphytic-algae-growing-on-charophytes\/","title":{"rendered":"A STUDY ON EPIPHYTIC ALGAE GROWING ON CHAROPHYTES"},"content":{"rendered":"

pp. 1-12<\/strong><\/p>\n

Shah Md. Golam Gousul Azam*, Umma Nahar, Nasrin Jahan Diba, Md Moniruzzaman, Sabrina Naz<\/p>\n

Phycology and Limnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh<\/p>\n

* Corresponding author E-mail: gousulazam83@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

ABSTRACT<\/span><\/h1>\n

In the present study, microalgae as epiphytes on charophyta are recorded from different aquatic\u00a0habitats for the first time in Bangladesh. These are Bulbochaete debaryana <\/em>Wittr. & Lund. in Wittr., B. nana <\/em>Wittr. var. chungkingensis <\/em>Jao, B. iyengarii <\/em>Sarma & Mukherjee, Oedogonium gracillimum <\/em>Wittr. & Lund. Hirn f. gracillimum <\/em>Tiffany, O. pygmaeum <\/em>Gonz. & Jain, O. regium <\/em>Hughes, O. obtruncatum <\/em>Wittr. var. obtruncatum<\/em>, O. gunnii <\/em>Wittr. Hirn. var. breviarticulatum <\/em>Jao, O. oblongellum <\/em>Kirch ex Hirn.var. oblongellum <\/em>Gem., O. thanense <\/em>Gonz. & Jain, Microspora amoena <\/em>(Kutz.) Rabenhorst, Characium ornithocephalum <\/em>A. Braun, Gongrosira prostrata <\/em>Jao, G. debaryana <\/em>Rabenhorst, Uronema confervicola <\/em>Lagerheim, Pediastrum tetras <\/em>(Ehrenberg) Ralfs , Spirogyra amphimorpha <\/em>Islam, Zygnema conspicuum <\/em>(Hassal) Transeau, Cladophora criapata (Roth) K\u00fctzing, Rhizoclonium crassipellitum <\/em>West & West, Chlorhormidium dissectum <\/em>(Gay) Farooqui, Oscillatoria sancta <\/em>Kutzing ex Gomont, O. geminata <\/em>Menegh, Spirulina nordstedtii <\/em>Turpin ex Gomont, Microchaete robusta <\/em>Setchell & Gardner, Lyngbya aerugineo-coerulea <\/em>(Kutz.) ex Gomont, Navicula cryptocephala <\/em>K\u00fctz., Fragilaria vaucheriae <\/em>Lyngbye , Synedra ulna <\/em>(Nitzsch) Ehr. We observed that each taxon had specific host preference.<\/p>\n

Key words: <\/em><\/strong>Epiphytic algae, host specificity, charophyte, Bangladesh<\/em><\/p>\n

INTRODUCTION<\/strong><\/p>\n

A large debate has focused on the nature of the intimate relationship between the epiphytic algae and its host-plant. Many authors tend to consider macrophytes as neutral substrate (Carignan and Kalff, 1982, Cattaneo and Kalff, 1980, Fontaine Iii and Nigh, 1983, Harlin, 1973, Millie and Lowe, 1983, Morin, 1986). Epiphyte plays an important role in the primary production of aquatic habitats even in case they are growing in deep. Its share forms about one- third of total primary productions (Laugaste and Reunanen, 2005).<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Charophyte is one of the most common hosts of epiphyte algae. Generally, the epiphytic algae grow upon top of filaments and internodes, sometimes they live associated with node. Epiphytic algae are found in the base cell too (Gonzalves, 1981, Mrozinska, 1985, Naz et al., 2007). Earlier, significant number of Oedogonium and Bulbocheate spp. have been reported from Bangladesh (Alam et al., 2014, Azam et al., 2016, Naz and Azam, 2008, Naz et al., 2008, Naz et al., 2009a, Naz et al., 2009b, Naz et al., 2014, Naz et al., 2007). In the present communication, the distributions and host specificity of epiphytic algal flora on charophytes have been described.<\/p>\n

MATERIALS AND METHODS<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Charophytes were collected from September 2006 to February 2007 from different locations at Rajshahi and one location of Thakurgaon districts from shallow and deep water zone (0.5 to 12 M) by hand or by mean of iron-wire hooks tied with a long nylon rope. Collected materials were permanently preserved for the microscopic study in Transeau\u2019s solution (Transeau, 1916). The plants were observed under a compound microscope. Excluding the basal part, each host plant was randomly cut with a blade into 10 pieces (1 cm each) with attached epiphytic algae for identification. Identification was made with the help of relevant literature following (Ahmed et al., 2007, Ahmed et al., 2009, Azam et al., 2016, Desikachary, 1959, Groves and Bullock \u2013Webster, 1920, Groves and Bullock\u2013Webster, 1924, Islam and Sarma, 1968, Islam and Sarma, 1976, Mrozinska, 1985, Naz et al., 2011, Pal et al., 1962, Schubert\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0and\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Blindow,\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a02004, Vashista, 1976, Wood and Imahori, 1965).<\/p>\n

RESULTS<\/strong><\/p>\n

We found 29 taxa of epiphytic algae association with belonging to different groups. Among them 21 taxa belonged to Chlorophyta, 5 to Cyanophyta, 3 to Bacillariophyta. Here, the short description of the epiphytic algae is described with their habitat.<\/p>\n

1. Bulbochaete debaryana<\/em> & Lund. in Wittr. (Gonzalves, 1981, Saito and Yamagishi, 1973)<\/p>\n

Plant monoecious, macrandrous. Vegetative cells 20-28 \u03bcm long, 14-19 \u03bcm in diameter. Oogonium ellipsoid, situated below a vegetative cell or terminal setae. Oogonia 46-51 \u03bcm long, 22-33 \u03bcm in diameter. Oospores 37-43 \u03bcm long, 23-25 \u03bcm in diameter. Antheridium single or up to 3, 10-113 \u03bcm\u00a0 long, 4-7 \u03bcm in diameter.<\/p>\n

Habitat, date of collection and location: Low land, host plant: Nitella hyaline; Collection number N 5, September 2, 2006, Andharshura beel, Tanore, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.<\/p>\n

2. Bulbochaete nana Wittr. var. chungkingensis Jao (Gonzalves, 1981)
\nPlant macrandrous, homothallic. Vegetative cells 19-25 \u03bcm long, 12-15 \u03bcm in diameter. Oogonium somewhat obovoid-ellipsoid, rarely ellipsoid, broader than that of the type, 27-32 \u03bcm. Antheridium smaller than that of the type, 8-10 \u03bcm long, 4-6 \u03bcm in diameter. Outer layer of spore wall smooth; median layer longitudinally costae.
\nHabitat, date of collection and location: Low land, host plant: Chara braunii; Collection number B 067, January 15, 2007, Andharshura beel, Tanore, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.<\/p>\n

3. Bulbochaete iyengarii Sarma & Mukherjee (Sarma and Mukherjee, 1990)
\nPlant macrandrous, heterothallic. Vegetative cells moniliform to short cylindric, 14.0-17.5 \u03bcm long, 13.2-14.0 \u03bcm in diameter. Basal cell pointed at the base, basal cell blunt. Oogonium ellipsoid, brown, erect, 33 \u03bcm long, 22 \u03bcm in diameter. Oospore of same shape as oogonium. Usually completely filling the oogonium, oospore 19.8 \u03bcm in diameter, 28.0 \u03bcm long. Spore wall three-layered, outer layer smooth, median layer areolate. Antheridium erect, 1-2 seriate, 33.5 \u03bcm long, 9.3 \u03bcm in diameter, division horizontal.
\nHabitat, date of collection and location: Low land, host plant: Chara braunii; Collection number Bulbo-004, 18 November 2006, Andharshura beel, Tanore, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.<\/p>\n

4. Oedogonium gracillimum Wittr. & Lund. Hirn f. gracillimum Tiffany (Gauthier- Lievre, 1963-64, Gonzalves, 1981)
\nPlant macrandrous, homothallic. Vegetative cell cylindric, 21.3-32.7 \u03bcm long, 4.5-7.2 \u03bcm in diameter. Basal cell elongate 13.5 \u03bcm long, 3.5 \u03bcm in diameter. Terminal cell obtuse. Oogonium single ellipsoid, after every 3-5 vegetative cells, 27.6 \u03bcm long, 10.7-13.95\u03bc diameter, Oospore ellipsoid 19-23.5 \u03bcm long, 10-13.5\u00a0\u03bc in diameter and, operculate, division superior spore wall smooth, antheridia single.
\nHabitat, date of collection and location: Rice field, host plant: Chara zeylanica; Collection number C 12, January 10, 2007, Sarkarpara, Thakurgaon, Bangladesh, Low land, host plant: Chara braunii; Collection number Bulbo-004, 18 November 2006, Andharshura beel, Tanore, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.<\/p>\n

5. Oedogonium pygmaeum Gonz. & Jain (Gonzalves, 1981)
\nPlant macrandrous, homothallic, usually 3 to 5 celled. Vegetative cells slightly capitellate, 16-19 \u03bcm long, 4-6.1 \u03bcm in diameter. Basal cell depressed hemispheric, 10-11.5 \u03bcm in diameter, 9 \u03bcm long. Oogonium single, globose to subpyriform-globose, 17-21\u03bc long, 14 \u03bc in diameter, operculate, division superior. Oospore globose filling the oogonium, 13.9 \u03bcm in diameter and 19 \u03bcm long. Gonzalves (1981) described this species incompletely without mentioning the description of the male portion but during present study it appeared to be homothallic and macrandrous. Other description of this species fits well with the description of Oedogonium pygmaeum.
\nHabitat, date of collection and location: River, host plant: Nitella furcata; Collection number N 13, November 11, 2006, the Padma River (Dashmaria Ghat) Rajshahi, Bangladesh.<\/p>\n

6. Oedogonium regium Hughes (Gonzalves, 1981)
\nPlant nannandrous, idioandrosporous; vegetative cell capitellate, 27-36 \u03bcm long, 4-6.5 \u03bcm in diameter. Oogonia depressed globose, 21\u03bcm in diameter, 22 \u03bcm long. Operculate, division supramedian often opening like a beak like manner. Oospore globose not filling the oogonium, 18 \u03bcm long, 17 \u03bcm in diameter. Spore wall smooth. Androsporangia present.\u00a0Dwarf male unicellular, situated on the oogonia. 8.5- 9.3 \u03bcm long, 6 \u03bcm in diameter.
\nHabitat, date of collection and location: Rice field, host plant: Chara vulgaris; Collection number C 7, February 2, 2007, Kharail Beel, Trimohini, Mohanpur, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.<\/p>\n

7. Oedogonium obtruncatum Wittr. var. obtruncatum (Gauthier- Lievre, 1963-64, Gonzalves, 1981)
\nPlant nannandrous, gynandrosporous. Gonzalves reported this taxa as also as idioandrosporous but during the present study this stage was not observed. Vegetative cell evidently capitellate, 49.5-54.8 \u03bcm long, 16.5-23 \u03bcm in diameter. Basal cell elongate, terminal cell apically obtuse. Oogonia single or 2-4 series, ellipsoid, 57.1-61.4 \u03bcm long, 44.9-47.2 \u03bcm in diameter, operculate, division supreme, operculum small. Oospore identical in shape to the oogonium and nearly filling it, 55.8\u03bc long, 40.6-41.7 \u03bcm in diameter. Oospore wall smooth. According to Gonzalves, gynandrosporous habit, capitellate vegetative cells, supreme operculum and unicellular dwarf males are characteristics of this taxa which is similar to the present specimen.
\nHabitat, date of collection and location: River, host plant: Chara braunii; Collection number C 004, December 17, 2006, the Boral river (The East side of Charghat Bridge), Rajshahi, Bangladesh.<\/p>\n

8. Oedogonium gunnii Wittr. Hirn. var. breviarticulatum Jao (Gauthier- Lievre, 1963-64, Gonzalves, 1981)
\nPlant macrandrous, homothallic. Vegetative cell cylindric, 17-32 \u03bcm long, 7.5-11 \u03bcm in diameter. Basal cell hemispheric, 13.2 \u03bcm long, 9 \u03bcm in diameter. Oogonium single, depressed globose, 27.4 \u03bcm long, 19 \u03bcm in diameter, division narrow, but distinct. Oospore in shape to the oogonium, incomplete filling, 25 \u03bcm long, 16.9 \u03bcm in diameter.<\/p>\n

Antheridium single, hypogynous, 7\u03bcm long, 6.3 \u03bcm in diameter, spermatozoid single.
\nHabitat, date of collection and location: River, host plant: Lychnothamnus barbatus; Collection number L 100, November 17, 2006, The Boral river (The East side of Charghat bridge), Rajshahi, Bangladesh.<\/p>\n

9. Oedogonium oblongellum Kirch ex Hirn.var. oblongellum Gem. (Gauthier- Lievre, 1963-64, Gonzalves, 1981)
\nPlant macrandrous, homothallic. Vegetative cells cylindric, 14-27 \u03bcm long, 6.8-7.9 \u03bcm in diameter. Terminal cell obtuse. Oogonium single obovoid-ellipsoid, 30 \u03bcm long, 22 \u03bcm in diameter, division superior. Oospore, ellipsoid, nearly filling the oogonium, 26 \u03bcm long, 18.9 \u03bcm in diameter. Spore wall smooth. Antheridia three, hypogynous, 6.8 \u03bcm long, 3.3 \u03bcm in diameter; division horizontal.
\nHabitat, date of collection and location: Rice field, host plant: Chara vulgaris; Collection number C 7, February 2, 2007, Kharail Beel, Trimohini, Mohanpur, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
\n10. Oedogonium thanense Gonz. & Jain (Gonzalves, 1981)
\nPlant macrandrous, heterothallic. Vegetative cell slightly capitellate, 72.6-82.2 \u03bcm long, 14.2-17.5 \u03bcm in diameter. Basal cell elongate, 51.5 \u03bcm long, 18.8 \u03bcm in diameter. Terminal cell setiferous, up to 195 \u03bcm long, oogonia terminal, single, ovoid to ovoid ellipsoid, 40.9 \u03bcm in diameter and 51.5 \u03bcm long, operculate division superme; Wall of oogonium thick, Oospore identical in shape to the oogonium which it fills, 34.3 \u03bcm in diameter and 40.6 \u03bcm long; spore wall smooth.
\nHabitat, date of collection and location: Rice field, host plant: Chara zeylanica; Collection number C 12, January 10, 2007, Sarkarpara, Thakurgaon, Bangladesh.<\/p>\n

11. Microspora amoena (Kutz.) Rabenhorst (Ahmed et al., 2007, Islam and Khatun, 1966)
\nCells cylindrical, slightly constricted at cross walls, 35-60 \u03bcm long, 15-30 \u03bcm broad at septum. Cell wall moderately thick, about 3-5 \u03bcm in thickness. Chloroplast covering entire portion of cell wall. H-pieces clearly evident.
\nHabitat, date of collection and location: Rice field. Host plant: Chara braunii; Collection number K 4, October 17, 2006. Kharail Beel, Trimohini, Mohanpur, Rajshahi. The Boral River. The East side of the Charghat bridge, Charghat, Rajshahi Host plant: Chara braunii; Collection number B 17, November 17, 2006. Dashmaria Ghat. The Padma River, Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Host plant: Chara zeylanica Collection number N 5, November 11, 2006.
\n12. Characium ornithocephalum A. Braun (Ahmed et al., 2007)
\nCells narrowly elongate ovoid to fusiform, erect with a short oblique tip, stipe short. Cells 7-18 \u03bcm broad, 20-45 \u03bcm long. Chloroplast laminate, parietal with a prominent pyrenoid.
\nHabitat, date of collection and location: Rice field. Sarkarpara, Thakurgaon, Bangladesh. Host plant: Chara braunii; Collection number S 4, January 10, 2007.<\/p>\n

13. Gongrosira prostrata Jao (Ahmed et al., 2007)
\nThallus irregularly branched, encrusted on substratum. Prostrate system prominent, irregular branches forming disc-like structure. Cells brown in color, cylindrical, barrel-shaped, angular, 10-21 \u03bcm broad, 11-30 \u03bcm long. Large cells 25 \u03bcm broad, 31 \u03bcm long at the centre of thallus, cell wall thick, hard, warted. Chloroplast single, parietal, with 1-3 pyrenoids.
\nHabitat, date of collection and location: Low land (Rice field). Host plant:\u00a0Nitella hyaline; Collection number N 5, September 2, 2006. Andharshura beel, Tanore, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.<\/p>\n

14. Gongrosira debaryana Rabenhorst (Ahmed et al., 2007)
\nThallus deep green, cushion-like. Prostrate part not found, erect part with short branched filaments. Branching lateral, cells cylindrical, barrel-shaped or angular. Basal cells mostly short and narrow, 11-40 \u03bcm broad, 8.9-37.5 \u03bcm long. Apical cells elongated and wide, 14-54.5 \u03bcm broad, 17-60.5 \u03bcm long, often spherical, 20-50 \u03bcm in diameter. Cell wall thick, up to 3 \u03bcm in diameter. Chloroplast massive with several pyrenoids.
\nHabitat, date of collection and location: Low land (Rice field). Host plant: Nitella hyaline; Collection number N 5, September 2, 2006. Andharshura beel, Tanore, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
\n15. Uronema confervicola Lagerheim (Ahmed et al., 2007)
\nFilaments long, straight or curved, attached by elongated disc shaped basal cell. Cells 8.3-41.9 \u03bcm long, 4.5-8.3 \u03bcm broad. Terminal cells pointed or less pointed measuring upto 23 \u03bcm. Chloroplast parietal with 1-2 pyrenoids.
\nHabitat, date of collection and location: The Boral River. The East side of the Charghat bridge, Charghat,Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Host plant: Chara vulgaris; Collection number C 7, November 11, 2006.<\/p>\n

16. Pediastrum tetras (Ehrenberg) Ralfs (Ahmed et al., 2007)
\nColony entire, 4-8 celled. Inner cells with 4-6 straight sides but with one margin deeply incised. Peripheral cells crenate with a deep incision in outer face, their lateral margins adjoined along of their length. Cells 4.3-6.9 \u03bcm wide, 5.7-9.2 \u03bcm long.
\nHabitat, date of collection and location: River; Host plant: Chara braunii; Collection number B 17, November 11,\u00a02006, the Boral River (East side of the Charghat bridge, Charghat, Rajshahi, Bangladesh).
\n17. Spirogyra amphimorpha Islam (Ahmed et al., 2007, Vashista, 1976)
\nPlants having two kind of filaments, male filaments with vegetative cells 110.9-207.6 \u03bcm long and 71.2-75.6 \u03bcm broad. Female filaments with vegetative cells 128-167 \u03bcm long, 123-135 \u03bcm broad, with plane end walls. Chloroplasts 3-4, conjugation scallariform, tubes formed by both gametangia. Receptive gametangia shorter, wider, slightly inflated towards conjugating canal. Zygospore ellipsoid, 135 \u03bcm long, 84-95 \u03bcm broad, filling gametangial cell vertically, light yellow color, zygospore wall smooth.
\nHabitat, date of collection and location: Rice field, host plant: Chara braunii; Collection number K 4, December 17, 2006, Kharail Beel, Trimohini, Mohanpur, Rajshahi, Bangladesh; Rice field, host plant: Chara zeylanica and Nitella hyalina. Collection number C1 & N10, December 17, 2006. Kharail beel, Trimohini, Mohanpur, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.<\/p>\n

18. Zygnema conspicuum (Hassal) Transeau (Ahmed et al., 2007, Islam and Khatun, 1966)
\nFilaments yellowish-green. Vegetative cells 62-96 \u03bcm long, 21-278 \u03bcm broad, cylindrical, slightly constricted at septum, slightly swollen at middle of cell. Conjugation scalariform. Zygospore mostly in canal, rarely towards one gametangium, zygospore globose or depressed-globose, 14-17 \u03bcm long, 24.2-31.9 \u03bcm broad, wall scrobiculate, light brown.
\nHabitat, date of collection and location: Rice field. Sarkarpara, Thakurgaon, Bangladesh, Host plant: Chara zeylanica; Collection number C12, January 10, 2007.<\/p>\n

19. Cladophora criapata (Roth) K\u00fctzing (Ahmed et al., 2007, Islam and Alam, 1980, Islam and Hossain, 1978, Prescott and Vinyard, 1965)
\nThallus attached, filamentous, branched. Branching mainly unilateral or opposite, long tapering. Cells cylindrical, wall smooth, thin. Cells of main axis 27-60\u03bcm broad,156-670 \u03bcm long. Primary branch cells 20-43 \u03bcm broad, 215-780 \u03bcm long. Rhizoids 15-23 \u03bcm in diameter.
\nHabitat, date of collection and location: The Boral River. The East side of the Charghat bridge, Charghat Rajshahi, Bangladesh, Host plant: Lychnothamnus barbatus; Collection number C 100, November 17, 2006.
\n20. Rhizoclonium crassipellitum West & West (Ahmed et al., 2007, Islam and Alam, 1980, Prescott and Vinyard, 1965)
\nThallus free floating or terrestrial on moist sandy soil. In terrestrial forms unicellular rhizoids frequently develop. Cells cylindrical, regular wall thick, lamellate, filament 23-38 \u03bcm broad, 44-151 \u03bcm long. Cell wall 4-7.5 \u03bcm thick.<\/p>\n

Habitat, date of collection and location: River, host plant: Lychnothamnus barbatus; Collection number C 100, November 11, 2006, The Boral River (East side of the Charghat bridge, Charghat,Rajshahi, Bangladesh).
\n21. Chlorhormidium dissectum (Gay) Farooqui (Ahmed et al., 2007)
\nFilaments mostly long, but fragmented into short length, redily break up into single cells. Cells cylindrical to barrel-shaped, thin-walled, 7.5-13.0 \u03bcm long, 6.3-8.5 \u03bcm broad. Chloroplast single covering half of cell with a pyrinoid.
\nHabitat, date of collection and location: The Boral River. The East side of the Charghat bridge, Charghat, Rajshahi. Host plant: Lychnothamnus barbatus; Collection number C 100, November 11, 2006.<\/p>\n

22. Oscillatoria sancta Kutzing ex Gomont (Desikachary, 1959, Islam and Hossain, 1978, Islam and Uddin, 1978a)
\nThallus composed of many trichomes, aggregated, dark-blue to dark-grey mass, thin. Each trichome may be straight or slightly curved, distinctly constricted at the cross walls. Trichome end briefly attenuated. Cells 8.2-15.0 um broad and 2.5-5.9 um long, granulate at the cross walls. End cell flattened, hemispherical, slightly capitates.
\nHabitat, date of collection and location: Dashmaria Ghat. The Padma River, Rajshahi, Bangladesh; Host plant: Chara zeylanica; Collection number N 5, November 11, 2006.
\n23. Oscillatoria geminata Menegh (Islam and Hossain, 1978)
\nThallus delicate, pale blue-green. Trichome straight, cross walls constricted. Cells longer than the breadth, 3-4.5 \u03bcm broad, 10-14 \u03bcm long. End cell pointed.
\nHabitat, date of collection and location: Dashmaria Ghat. The Padma River, Rajshahi, Bangladesh; Host plant: Chara zeylanica; Collection number N 5, November 11, 2006.
\n24. Spirulina nordstedtii Turpin ex Gomont (Desikachary, 1959)
\nTrichome very long (165 \uf06dm), upto 2 \uf06dm in diameter, regularly spirally coiled, blue-green, spirals 2.5-4.29 \uf06dm distant.
\nHabitat, date of collection and location: Low land (Rice field). Host plant: Chara braunii; Collection number A 2, September 2, 2006. Andharshura beel, Tanore, Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
\n25. Microchaete robusta Setchell and Gardner (Desikachary, 1959)
\nFilaments solitary or several (5-10 together), radiating from a common centre with a gregarious growth, straight or slightly curved, uniformly broad, up to 261 \u03bcm long, 13.7-16.9 \u03bcm broad, constricted at the cross walls. Cells usually subquadrate, spheroidal,\u00a07.5-11.0 \u03bcm long and 4.6-8.9 \u03bcm wide. Cell contents granular at the cross walls. Heterocysts single, basal or intercalary, rectangular, rarely subquadrate, 11.0 \u03bcm wide, 8.9-14.3 \u03bcm long.
\nHabitat, date of collection and location: The Boral River. The East side of the Charghat bridge, Charghat,Rajshahi, Bangladesh; Host plant: Lychnothamnus barbatus; Collection number C 100, November 11, 2006. Rice field. Sarkarpara, Thakurgaon, Bangladesh. Host plant: Chara zeylanica. Collection number C12, January 10, 2007.
\n26. Lyngbya aerugineo-coerulea (Kutz.) ex Gomont (Naz and Zaman, 2000)
\nFilamentous, solitary or sometimes forming light green expanded thallus, flexuous, fragile, mucilage sheath thin, firm, not lamellated or coloured violet. Cells 5-11 \u03bcm broad and 2-3.3 \u03bcm long. Trichome not constricted at the cross walls, sometimes granulated, trichome apex occasionally capitates.
\nHabitat, date of collection and location: Dashmaria Ghat. The Padma River, Rajshahi, Bangladesh; Host plant: Chara zeylanica, Collection number N 5, November 11, 2006.
\n27. Navicula cryptocephala K\u00fctz (Ahmed et al., 2009, Germain, 1981)
\nFrustules 34.65 \uf06dm long and 10.725 \uf06dm broad at the middle.
\nHabitat, date of collection and location: Rice field, host plant: Chara zeylanica; Collection number C 12, January 10, 2007. Sarkarpara, Thakurgaon; and host plant: Chara braunii, Collection number S 4. Sarkarpara, Thakurgaon, Bangladesh.
\n28. Fragilaria vaucheriae Lyngbye (Ahmed et al., 2009)
\nEach frustule 105.6 \uf06dm long and 6 colony of frustules are 84 \uf06dm broad.
\nHabitat, date of collection and location: Rice field; host plant: Chara\u00a0zeylanica. Collection number C12, January 10, 2007, Sarkarpara, Thakurgaon; Rice field; host plant: Chara braunii; Collection number C 9, November 11, 2006, the Padma River (Dashmaria Ghat), Rajshahi, Bangladesh.
\n29. Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehr. (Ahmed et al., 2009, Islam and Chowdhury, 1979, Islam and Haroon, 1975)
\nFrustules 118.8 \uf06dm long and 9.9 \uf06dm broad at the middle; at the tip 2.97 \uf06dm in broad.
\nHabitat, date of collection and location: Rice field, Host plant: Chara zeylanica; Collection number C 12, January 10, 2007, Baliadangi, Sarkarpara, Thakurgaon, Bangladesh.
\nDiscussion
\nThe species number of epiphytic algae on the three genus of charophytes were different from each other. The epiphytic algae on Chara vulgaris represented in 3 taxa, 12 taxa on Chara zeylanica, 9 taxa on Chara braunii, Nitella hyalina in 4 taxa and 5 taxa on Lychnothamnus barbatus and only one taxon on Nitella furcata respectively (Table1). The predominant species of epiphytic algae on the three genera of charophytes belongs to Oedogonium sp. and Bulbochaete sp. Although diatoms were represented by only five taxa as epiphytes on charophytes, they always exhibited much higher abundance than the rest of the reported algal taxa. Among the five, Fragilaria sp. appeared to be the dominant. Similar findings were also supported by (van Dam and Mertens, 1993). They commented the species number was different because the habitat structure had pervasive effects on community composition\u00a0and diversity while working on the occurrence of epiphytic algae on three streams in Northern China. They further added the epiphytic algae on Chara vulgaris resulted in 49 species, 37 species on Cladophora fracta and only 6 species on Batrachospermum arcuatum, respectively and in terms of the seasonality, there was an obvious seasonal trend in species number of epiphytic algae: spring > autumn > summer > winter (Hu et al., 2012). These results were quite similar with the present study. Charophytes plays an important role in increasing water transparency (N\u00f5ges et al., 2003). In the present communication, we also found charophytes are grown well in more transparent water and on that charophyte a good number of epiphytic algae were grown. There could have been a distinct positive relation with the water transparency and epiphytic algae. This point demands further detailed investigation. During present communication, the results indicate that there were some environmental\u00a0factors influenced the epiphytic algae in different extents. The key factors were pH and depth (data not shown). In macrophyte species Chara vulgaris L. and Cladophora glomerata Kiitz.) and one angiosperm Potamoget\u00f3n densus L., considerable heterogeneity was observed in density of the epiphytic populations between the plant species studied as regards, the composition of these algal populations showed a conspicuous degree of homogeneity within each macrophytic species. The epiphytic algae occupy specific microhabitat niches on their host plants according to a non stochastic pattern of distribution (Comte and Cazaubon, 2002). In the present investigation, we can also confirm that algal taxa growing epiphytically on the charophytes had distinct host specificity (Table 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Epiphytic species<\/td>\nDivision<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\nHost plants with their depth<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\nN.hyalina (0-<\/p>\n

5 cm)<\/td>\n

C. vulgaris (2-<\/p>\n

10 cm)<\/td>\n

C.zeylanica (5<\/p>\n

cm)<\/td>\n

C.braunii (5<\/p>\n

cm)<\/td>\n

L.<\/p>\n

barbatus<\/p>\n

(2 cm)<\/td>\n

N.furcata<\/p>\n

(7 cm)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Bulbochaete debaryana<\/p>\n

Wittr. & Lund. in Wittr<\/td>\n

Chlorophyta<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B. nana Wittr. var.<\/p>\n

chungkingensis Jao<\/td>\n

Chlorophyta<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
B. iyengarii Sarma &<\/p>\n

Mukherjee<\/td>\n

Chlorophyta<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Oedogonium gracillimum<\/p>\n

Wittr. & Lund. Hirn f.<\/p>\n

gracillimum Tiffany<\/td>\n

Chlorophyta<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
O. pygmaeum Gonz. &<\/td>\nChlorophyta<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
O. regium Hughes<\/td>\nChlorophyta<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
O. obtruncatum Wittr. var.<\/td>\nChlorophyta<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
obtruncatum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
O. gunnii Wittr. Hirn. var.<\/p>\n

breviarticulatum Jao<\/td>\n

Chlorophyta<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
O. oblongellum Kirch ex<\/p>\n

Hirn.var. oblongellum Gem.<\/td>\n

Chlorophyta<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
O. thanense Gonz. & Jain<\/td>\nChlorophyta<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Microspora amoena<\/p>\n

(Kutz.) Rabenhorst<\/td>\n

Chlorophyta<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Characium<\/p>\n

ornithocephalum A. Braun<\/td>\n

Chlorophyta<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gongrosira prostrata Jao<\/td>\nChlorophyta<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
G. debaryana Rabenhorst<\/td>\nChlorophyta<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Uronema confervicola<\/p>\n

Lagerheim<\/td>\n

Chlorophyta<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Pediastrum tetras<\/p>\n

(Ehrenberg) Ralfs<\/td>\n

Chlorophyta<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spirogyra amphimorpha<\/p>\n

Islam<\/td>\n

Chlorophyta<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Zygnema conspicuum<\/p>\n

(Hassal) Transeau<\/td>\n

Chlorophyta<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Cladophora criapata (Roth)<\/p>\n

K\u00fctzing<\/td>\n

Chlorophyta<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Rhizoclonium crassipellitum<\/p>\n

West & West<\/td>\n

Chlorophyta<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Chlorhormidium dissectum<\/p>\n

(Gay) Farooqui<\/td>\n

Chlorophyta<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Oscillatoria sancta Kutzing ex Gomont<\/td>\nCyanophyta<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
O. geminata Menegh<\/td>\nCyanophyta<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Spirulina nordstedtii<\/p>\n

Gomont<\/td>\n

Cyanophyta<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Microchaete robusta<\/p>\n

Setchell and Gardner<\/td>\n

Cyanophyta<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Lyngbya aerugineo-<\/p>\n

coerulea (Kutz.) ex Gomont<\/td>\n

Cyanophyta<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
 <\/p>\n

Navicula cryptocephala<\/p>\n

K\u00fctz<\/td>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bacillariophyta<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n <\/p>\n

\u221a<\/td>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u221a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

Fragilaria vaucheriae<\/p>\n

Lyngbye<\/td>\n

Bacillariophyta<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u00a0 \u00a0Synedra ulna (Nitzsch) Ehr.<\/td>\nBacillariophyta<\/td>\n<\/td>\n\u221a<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Conclusions<\/strong>
\nThis is the first study to evaluate the epiphytic algal host specificity on charophytes in Bangladesh so that its contribution to the host specificity of different epiphytic algae may be established. As there is no other documentation in the host specificity, therefore, no such comparison could be done; rather this work can be mentioned as a pioneer study for future. In term of biodiversity conservation, apart this information derived from this documentation could be helpful because of their host specificity; as these microalgae lives on specific host.
\nAs in Bangladesh habitat loss and habitat destruction are one of the major causes of aquatic biodiversity loss, information gathered in this present documentation can be used for the biodiversity conservation of the concerned epiphytic algal taxa. To know the details host specificity of epiphytic algae, a good number of studies should be carried out on aquatic plants. However, it could be helpful for conserving the primary producer by giving\u00a0special concentration on the certain group of algae. Much more attention is needed at molecular level to confirm the host specificity.<\/p>\n

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\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

pp. 1-12 Shah Md. Golam Gousul Azam*, Umma Nahar, Nasrin Jahan Diba, Md Moniruzzaman, Sabrina Naz Phycology and Limnology Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi-6205, Bangladesh * Corresponding author E-mail: gousulazam83@gmail.com ABSTRACT In the present study, microalgae as epiphytes on charophyta are recorded from different aquatic\u00a0habitats for the first time in Bangladesh. These […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,41],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-408","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-journal-of-environment-science-and-technology","category-volume-2-issue-1-2016-journal-of-environment-science-and-technology"],"yoast_head":"\nresearch journal - Research Journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In the present study, microalgae as epiphytes on charophyta are recorded from different aquatic habitats for the first time in Bangladesh.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gyanvihar.org\/journals\/a-study-on-epiphytic-algae-growing-on-charophytes\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Epiphytic Growing On Charophytes - Journal | SGVU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In the present study, microalgae as epiphytes on charophyta are recorded from different aquatic habitats for the first time in Bangladesh. 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