{"id":3213,"date":"2020-03-13T09:41:30","date_gmt":"2020-03-13T09:41:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.gyanvihar.org\/journals\/?p=3213"},"modified":"2020-03-13T09:41:30","modified_gmt":"2020-03-13T09:41:30","slug":"graphene-oxide-dispersed-polystyrene-nanocomposites-for-embeeded-capacitor-applications","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gyanvihar.org\/journals\/graphene-oxide-dispersed-polystyrene-nanocomposites-for-embeeded-capacitor-applications\/","title":{"rendered":"GRAPHENE OXIDE DISPERSED POLYSTYRENE NANOCOMPOSITES FOR EMBEEDED CAPACITOR APPLICATIONS"},"content":{"rendered":"

Volume 6, Issue 1, 2020, pp. 24-30<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nisha Shrivastava1,2<\/sup>, Gaurav Kumar Sharma1<\/sup>, Tarun Patodia2<\/sup>, Balram Tripathi2<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n

1<\/sup>Department of Physics, Suresh GyanVihar University, Jaipur<\/p>\n

2<\/sup>Department of physics, S S Jain Subodh pG (Autonomous) College, Jaipur<\/p>\n

E-mail: balramtripathi1181@gmail.com<\/a>, nishasaxena2411@rediffmail.com<\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n

Graphene-based materials are promising for applications in super capacitors and other energy storage devices due to the intriguing properties, i.e., highly tunable surface area, outstanding electrical conductivity, good chemical stability and excellent mechanical behavior. This paper summarizes recent developments of\u00a0 graphene oxide-based materials for supercapacitor electrodes, based on their macro structural complexity, i.e., zero-dimensional (0D) (e.g. free-standing graphene oxide), one-dimensional (1D) (e.g. \ufb01ber-type and yarn-type structures), two dimensional (2D) (e.g. graphenes and graphene-based nanocomposite \ufb01lms), and three-dimensional (3D) (e.g. graphene foam and hydrogel based nanocomposites). There are extensive and on-going researches on the rationalization of their structures at varying scales and dimensions, development of effective and low cost synthesis techniques, design and architect ring of graphene-based materials, as well as clari\ufb01cation of their electrochemical performance.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. INTRODUCTION<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Graphene oxide is an oxidized form of graphene, laced with oxygen-containing groups. It is considered easy to process since it is dispersible in water (and other solvents) and it can even be used to make graphene. Graphene oxide is not a good conductor, but processes exist to augment its properties. Graphene oxide is synthesized using Hummer\u2019s method. Many variations of these methods exist, with improvements constantly being explored to achieve better results and cheaper processes. The effectiveness of an oxidation process is often evaluated by the carbon\/oxygen ratios of the graphene oxide. Composite electrodes integrate two or more materials together as active charge storage materials. Most popular approach is to fabricate composites between carbon based materials with pseudo capacitive. Graphene oxide is considered as one of the most promising material for the next generation \ufb02exible thin film super capacitors due to its unique structural and property features, i.e. i) the two-dimensional structure can provide a large surface area, which serves as an extensive transport platform for electrolytes\u00a0\u00a0 ii) the high conductivity enables a low diffusion resistance, therefore leading to enhanced power and energy density; and iii) the superior mechanical property makes\u00a0 free-standing \ufb01lms with robust mechanical stability. Among the carbon based 2D materials graphene oxide has attracted much attention due to tunable thickness, structural \ufb02exibility, lightweight and electrical properties, which are the essential qualities required for \ufb02exible super capacitors. Considerable research efforts have been therefore dedicated to exploring novel processing methods for graphene oxide based , including spin-coating Langmuir Blodgett, layer-by-layer deposition, interfacial self-assembly, and vacuum \ufb01ltration .<\/p>\n

    Polymers<\/em> are substances containing a large number of structural units joined by the same type of linkage. These substances often form into a chain-like structure. Polymers already have a range of applications that far exceeds that of any other class of material available to man. Current applications extend from adhesives, coatings, foams, and packaging materials to textile and industrial fibers, composites<\/a>, electronic devices, biomedical devices, optical devices, and precursors for many newly developed high-tech ceramics.<\/p>\n

    Polystyrene(PS)Schematic: Density: 1.05 g\/cm\u00a0 Melting point: 240\u00b0C (464\u00b0F)Chemical formula: (C8<\/sub>H8<\/sub>)n<\/em><\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Polystyrene <\/em>is a linear or branched polymer with little or no cross-linking. As a result, they are thermoplastic materials, which flow easily when heated and can be molded into a variety of shapes. Polystyrene (PS) is one of the most widely used commercial polymer. The integration of functionalized graphene in a PS matrix produced nanocomposite thin films that are semiconducting and exhibit an ambipolar field effect . In order to upgrade the properties of polystyrene and reach desired polymer-graphene interaction. Nanocomposites are the matrices in which nanoparticles have been added to improve properties of the material.Nanocomposites in which the interface of graphene oxide based materials and polymer chains merge to develop the most technologically promising devices. Energy storage is a primary focus of the major world powers and scientific community. A new technology, the electrochemical capacitor or the super capacitors, have emerged with the potential to enable major advances in energy storage. It is governed by the same fundamental equations as conventional capacitors, but utilize higher surface area electrodes and thinner dielectrics to achieve greater capacitances. This allows for the energy densities greater than those of conventional capacitors and power densities greater than those of batteries. As a result, it may become an attractive power solution for an increasing number of applications.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0As one of the limitation to the capacitance of\u00a0 super capacitors is the surface area of the conductors. If the conductive material like GO having higher relative surface area could be use in a supercapacitors than it will be better for storing electrostatic charge. Also, it is lighter and eco-friendly unlike most other forms of energy storage.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. EXPERIMENTAL<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      In the present study we have synthesize Graphene oxide (GO) by Hummer\u2019s method and its composites with Polystyrene (PS) by solution cast method with different concentrations in the form of thin films(samples).We have study some important characteristics of these samples like bonding behaviour by FT-IR spectroscopy, dielectric constant by impedance spectroscopy and behaviour and optical characteristics by UV-Vis spectroscopy.<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        In this study results of GO\/polystyrene\u00a0 nanocomposites\u00a0 with varying concentration of graphene oxide have been presented. Fig.1 & Fig.2 show dielectric constant values ranging (1.2 to 4.80) of GO and rGO dispersed polystyrene composites respectively. Fig.3 represents FT-IR characteristics of GO-polystyrene and rGO-polystyrene nanocomposites respectively.\u00a0 It has been found that by dispersing grapheme oxide in the polystyrene matrix showing stretched bonding behaviour. Fig.4 represents UV-Vis spectra of GO-poystyrene nanocomposite. From fig 4, it is clear that optical absorbance has been found to be increased on increasing concentration of GO in the polystyrene matrix.<\/p>\n

        \"\"<\/p>\n

        Fig. 1.\u00a0\u00a0 Dielectric Constant for PS-GO composites<\/p>\n

        \"\"<\/p>\n

        Fig. 2. Dielectric constant for PS-rGO composites<\/p>\n

        \"\"<\/p>\n

        Fig. 3\u00a0 FTIR plot for\u00a0 PS-GO and PS-rGO composites<\/p>\n

        \"\"<\/p>\n

        Fig 4. UV-VIS for\u00a0 PS-GO composites<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. CONCLUSION<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          It is concluded from above study that \u00a0GO dispersed polystyrene n<\/em>anocomposites are promising materials for\u00a0 supercapacitors \u00a0application with\u00a0 highly tunable surface area, outstanding electrical conductivity, good chemical stability and excellent mechanical behaviour.<\/p>\n

          \u00a0<\/strong>REFRENCES<\/strong><\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Liang JJ, Huang Y, Oh J, Kozlov M, Sui D, Fang SL, et al. Electromechanical actuators based on graphene and graphene\/Fe3O4 hybrid paper. AdvFunctMater\u00a0 2011;21:3778e84<\/li>\n
          2. Becerril HA, Mao J, Liu Z, Stoltenberg RM, Bao Z, Chen Y. Evaluation of solution rocessed reduced graphene oxide \ufb01lms as transparent conductors. ACS Nano\u00a0 2008;2:463e70<\/li>\n
          3. Shao Y, El-Kady MF, Wang LJ, Zhang Q, Li Y, Wang H, Mousaviae MF, Kaner RB. Graphene-based materials for \ufb02exible supercapacitors. Chem. Soc. Rev http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1039\/c4cs00316<\/li>\n
          4. G\u03cbnes F, Shin HJ, Biswas C, Han GH, Kim ES, Chae SJ, et al. Layerby-layer doping of\u00a0 few-layer graphene \ufb01lm. ACS Nano 2010;4:4595e600<\/li>\n
          5. Gan S, Zhong L, Wu T, Han D, Zhang J, Ulstrup J, et al. Spontaneous and fast growth of large-area graphenenano\ufb01lms facilitated by oil\/water interfaces. Adv Mater 2012;24:3958e64.<\/li>\n
          6. Li D, Muller MB, Gilje S, Kaner RB, Wallace GG. Processable aqueous dispersions of graphene nanosheets. Nat Nanotechnol 2008;3:101e5 Cai Y, Zhang G, Zhang YW. Polarity-reversed robust carrier mobility in monolayer\u00a0 \u00a0MoS2 nanoribbons. J Am ChemSoc 2014;136:6269e75.<\/li>\n
          7. Frackowiak E, Khomenko V, Jurewicz K, Lota K, Beguin F. Supercapacitors based on conducting polymers\/nanotubes composites. J Power Sources 2006;153:413e8.<\/li>\n
          8. D. Meryl, P. Sungjin, Z. Yanwu, A. Jinho and R.S.Rodney, \u201cGraphene- BasedUltracapacitors\u201d, Nano letters, Vol.8, No. 10.2008pp.3498-3502<\/li>\n
          9. Jingquan Liu, Zhen Liu , Colin J. Barrowb, Wenrong Yang (July 2014) Molecularly\u00a0 engineered graphene surfaces for sensing applications<\/li>\n
          10. Vangari, Manisha (Sep. 2012 ) \u201cSupercapacitors: Review of Materials and \u00a0Fabrication Methods\u201dhttp:\/\/soi.org\/10.1061(ASCE)Ey.1943-7897.0000102 Vol 139<\/li>\n
          11. Zhangpeng Li Flexible graphene\/MnO2 composite papers for\u00a0\u00a0 supercapacitor electrodes DOI: 10.1039\/C1JM11941A(2011)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Volume 6, Issue 1, 2020, pp. 24-30 Nisha Shrivastava1,2, Gaurav Kumar Sharma1, Tarun Patodia2, Balram Tripathi2 1Department of Physics, Suresh GyanVihar University, Jaipur 2Department of physics, S S Jain Subodh pG (Autonomous) College, Jaipur E-mail: balramtripathi1181@gmail.com, nishasaxena2411@rediffmail.com Abstract Graphene-based materials are promising for applications in super capacitors and other energy storage devices due to the […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,82],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3213","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-journal-of-environment-science-and-technology","category-volume-6-issue-1-2020-journal-of-environment-science-and-technology"],"yoast_head":"\nresearch journal - Research Journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.gyanvihar.org\/journals\/graphene-oxide-dispersed-polystyrene-nanocomposites-for-embeeded-capacitor-applications\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"GRAPHENE OXIDE DISPERSED POLYSTYRENE NANOCOMPOSITES FOR EMBEEDED CAPACITOR APPLICATIONS - 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