{"id":1008,"date":"2018-12-03T10:22:10","date_gmt":"2018-12-03T10:22:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.gyanvihar.org\/journals\/?p=1008"},"modified":"2019-06-12T05:36:46","modified_gmt":"2019-06-12T05:36:46","slug":"design-of-a-photonic-crystal-fiber-with-low-confinement-loss-and-flattened-dispersion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.gyanvihar.org\/journals\/design-of-a-photonic-crystal-fiber-with-low-confinement-loss-and-flattened-dispersion\/","title":{"rendered":"Design of A Photonic Crystal Fiber With Low Confinement Loss and Flattened Dispersion"},"content":{"rendered":"

pp 45-47<\/strong><\/p>\n

Sandhya Sharma
\n<\/strong>Research Scholar, Dept of Electronics & Communication, Suresh Gyan Vihar University Jaipur, Rajasthan
\nsandhyasharma.mbm@gmail.com<\/a><\/p>\n

Dr. O.S. Lamba<\/strong><\/p>\n

Professor, Dept of Electronics & Communication, Suresh Gyan Vihar University Jaipur, Rajasthan
\nonkar.lamba@mygyanvihar.com<\/a><\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong>:<\/em> In this paper a PCF is analysed by varying the air holes sizes. By controlling the diameter and pitch of air holes in 9 layers, we can achieve a low confinement loss of 0.00034 db\/km and high birefringence of 0.0049 with approximately flat dispersion\u00a0 in single mode operation.<\/p>\n

Keywords: Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF), Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD), Confinement loss, Birefringence.<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. INTRODUCTION<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u00a0Photonic crystal fiber have diverse applications in sensors, polarization sensitive devices, telecommunication, laser, medical instruments etc. Photonic crystal fiber is made of silica with hexagonal air holes which running along its length. Due to its unique structure, it generate very attractive optical properties. It is possible to design a high birefringence, flattened dispersion PCF with low confinement loss in single mode operation.[2]<\/p>\n

    Dispersion is strongly dependent on glass and air refractive index difference. By using different air filling fraction, dispersion can be controlled.PCF also have properties of low leakage loss. Light is confined in core through air holes in solid core PCF. If adequate confinement is not provided by air holes, light will move away from core. This means that it is important to design a such type of PCF by controlling air hole diameter and pitch, to obtain low confinement loss.[1]<\/p>\n

    Shishram, Ritu Sharma, Vijay Janyanietc<\/strong> [1]In this paper dispersion properties is analysed for hexagonal and rectangular lattice using FDTD method. Shi Mohammad Nejad, M. Aliramejani, M. Pourmahyabadi etc[2] <\/strong>In this paper a PCF with ultra flattened dispersion and low confinement loss is proposed for telecommunication band. H.Ademgil, S. Haxha etc<\/strong> [3]In this paper a PCF with zero dispersion at telecommunication bands is proposed by using Full Vector Finite Element method. S.S.Mishra and Vinod Kumar Singh[4]. <\/strong>In this paper highly polarisation maintaining birefringence PCF at telecommunication band is proposed by using Full Vector Finite Element method.<\/p>\n

    OPTICAL PROPERTIES<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Optical properties can be calculated by following formulas<\/p>\n

    Confinement loss:\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Birefringence:\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

    The nx<\/sub> and ny<\/sub> are effective refractive indices of fundamental mode in x and y polarization mode.<\/p>\n

    Dispersion:\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    III. DESIGN & SIMULATION RESULTS<\/strong><\/p>\n

    The structure of proposed PCF is shown in fig. 1. The designed PCF is solid core region with circular air holes along the length of fiber acting as cladding. The refractive index of core material and air hole is 1.45 and 1 respectively.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Fig 1: Layout design 1 of PCF structure with 9 rings.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    It is analyzed by Full Vector Finite Element Method (FV-FEM).We designed four types of PCF by varying the diameter and pitch.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Fig. 2: Birefringence Vs wavelength for<\/strong><\/p>\n

    PCFs<\/strong> of <\/strong>different <\/strong>d\/\u1d27.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Fig.3 : Confinement loss Vs wavelength for\u00a0 PCFs<\/strong> of <\/strong>different <\/strong>d\/\u1d27.<\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Fig.4:Dispersion Vs Wavelength for\u00a0 PCFs<\/strong> of <\/strong>different <\/strong>d\/\u1d27.<\/strong><\/p>\n

    Table 1: Design Parameters <\/strong>ofs<\/strong>imulation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    Parameter <\/strong><\/td>\nDesig<\/strong>n<\/strong>1<\/strong><\/td>\nDesign2<\/strong><\/td>\nDesign 3<\/strong><\/td>\nDesign\u00a0 4<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Diameter of air holes\u00b5m<\/td>\n0.70<\/td>\n0.76<\/td>\n0.75<\/td>\n0.6<\/p>\n

     <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    Pitch<\/p>\n

    \u00b5m<\/td>\n

    		2.3<\/td>\n2.3<\/td>\n2.4<\/td>\n2.4<\/p>\n

     <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    d\/\u1d27<\/td>\n0.30<\/td>\n0.33<\/td>\n0.31<\/td>\n0.25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    No. Of Rings<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    It is shown in fig 2 that we can achieve high birefringence of 0.0049 in design 1 but as we reduces the value of d\/\u1d27, birefringence can not be increased.It is shown in fig 3 that by reducing the value of d\/\u1d27, confinement loss can be reduced at 0.00034 dB\/Km at operating frequency of 1.55 \u00b5m.It is also shown in fig. 4 that we can obtained the approximately flattened dispersion for all value ofd\/\u1d27 of PCF.<\/p>\n

    \u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    IV\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 CONCLUSION<\/strong><\/p>\n

    In this paper PCFs\u00a0 of varying\u00a0 d\/\u1d27 is proposed. By reducing the value of d\/\u1d27, high birefringence of 0.0049, low confinement of 0.00034 dB\/ Km and approximately flattened dispersion can be achieved. This types of fiber can be used for telecommunication band and lasers.<\/p>\n

    REFERENCES<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a01.<\/strong>Vijay Janyani, Ritu Sharma and Shish Ram, \u201cComparison of Dispersion Properties for Different Lattice of Photonic Crystal\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Fiber\u201d, International Conference on Electronics, Information and Communication Engineering , vol.-3, pp. 4-7 December 2011.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Shi mohammad nejad, M. aliramejani, M. Pourmahyabadi \u201cDesign of a photonic crystal fiber with dispersion and confinement loss overall telecommunication bands.IEEE 2008<\/li>\n
    2. H.Ademgil, S. Haxha etc \u201cDesign and optimization of photonic crystal fibers for application in communication system \u201cProceeding of world congress on engineering 2007,vol I, London.<\/li>\n
    3. S.S.Mishra and Vinod Kumar Singh \u201cPolarisation maintaining highly birefringence small mode area photonic crystal fiber at telecommunication window\u201cJournalof microwave,optoelectronics and electromagnetic applications,vol 10. no.1, June 2011.<\/li>\n
    4. M.D. Nielsen,C.Jacobsen,N.A. Mortensen etc \u201cLow loss photonic crrystal fiber for transmission system and their dispersion properties\u201c Optical society of America 2004.<\/li>\n
    5. \u00a0Nguyen Hoang Hai, Nguyen Hoang Dai, Hoang Tuan Viet, Nguyen The Tien\u201cA Nearly-ZeroUltra-Flattened Dispersion PhotonicCrystal Fiber: Application to Broadband TransmissionPlatforms\u201d 78-1-4244-7057-\u00a92010 IEEE.<\/li>\n
    6. Jiyoung park,Sejin lee,Sungrae lee etc \u201cDispersion control in square lattice photonic crystal fiber using hollow ring defects\u201dOptical society of America 2012,vol.20.<\/li>\n
    7. \u00a0Anders Bjarklev, Jes broeng,Kim dridi etc \u201cDispersion properties of photonic crystal fiber “ECOC, 20-24 ,Sept 1998,Spain.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 9.\u00a0<\/strong>Zannatul ferdous \u201cDispersion and confinement loss analysis of nonlinear square lattice photonic crystal fiber\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 employing air\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0holes in cladding region \u201cInternational journal of science and research,India, vol. 2, issue 2, 2013<\/p>\n

      \u00a0<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      pp 45-47 Sandhya Sharma Research Scholar, Dept of Electronics & Communication, Suresh Gyan Vihar University Jaipur, Rajasthan sandhyasharma.mbm@gmail.com Dr. O.S. Lamba Professor, Dept of Electronics & Communication, Suresh Gyan Vihar University Jaipur, Rajasthan onkar.lamba@mygyanvihar.com Abstract: In this paper a PCF is analysed by varying the air holes sizes. By controlling the diameter and pitch of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1008","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-volume-3-issue-2-2017-journal-of-engineering-and-technology"],"yoast_head":"\nresearch journal - Research Journal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Photonic crystal fiber have diverse applications in sensors, polarization sensitive devices, telecommunication, laser, medical instruments. 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