01
Unit 1: Problem Solving and Core Concepts
Introduction to Algorithms and Flowcharts, Structure of a C++ Program, Preprocessor directives, Console Input/Output (iostream), Fundamental Data Types and Literals, Variable Scope and Initialization, Type Conversions (Implicit/Explicit), Operators (Arithmetic, Relational, Logical), Control Flow (Conditionals, Loops, break/continue).
02
Unit 2: Compound Data Types and Memory
Pointers (Declaration, Dereferencing), Dynamic Memory Allocation (new/delete), Array structures (1D/2D C-style Arrays vs std::vector), String manipulation (C-style vs std::string), User-Defined Types (Structures for grouping data, Unions for memory sharing).
03
Unit 3: Modular Programming and OOP Fundamentals
Function definitions and Overloading, Parameter Passing mechanisms (Value, Pointer, Reference), Introduction to Classes and Objects, Encapsulation principles, Access Specifiers (public, private, protected), Object lifecycle management (Constructors, Destructors).
04
Unit 4: Advanced Object-Oriented Concepts
Inheritance types (Base and Derived classes), Code reusability, Polymorphism (Compile-time Overloading vs Run-time Overriding), Virtual Functions, Abstract Classes, Static Data Members, Exception Handling (try, catch, throw), Standard Exception hierarchy.
05
Unit 5: STL and Modern C++
Standard Template Library (Sequence Containers, Associative Containers, Container Adaptors), Iterators and Generic Algorithms (Sort, Find), Modern C++ features (Smart Pointers for memory safety, Lambda Expressions, Range-based loops), Utilities (std::pair, std::tuple).